exam 1 Flashcards
Nursing Research
scientific process that validates and refines existing knowledge and generates new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences nursing practice.
EBP
integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient circumstances and values in the delivery of quality, safe, and cost-effective health care.
Quantitative Research
uses numerical data to obtain information about the world. This research method is used to describe, examine relationships, and determine cause and effect.
Qualitative Research
uses textual data to describe life experiences and elicit their meaning from the perspective of the participants.
Mixed methods research
combines quantitative and qualitative research methods in a single study.
The purposes of research in nursing
description, explanation, prediction, and control of phenomena in practice
Outcomes research
focuses on examining the end results of care, determining the changes needed to improve the health of patients, and evaluating the quality of the healthcare system.
A systematic review
structured, comprehensive synthesis of quantitative studies to determine the best research evidence to address a healthcare question
Meta-analysis
a type of study that statistically combines or pools the results from previous studies into a single quantitative analysis to provide one of the highest levels of evidence for an intervention’s effectiveness
Meta-synthesis
the systematic compilation and integration of qualitative studies in an area to expand understanding and develop a unique interpretation of the findings.
mixed methods research synthesis
the synthesis of findings from individual studies conducted with a variety of methods—quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods
to determine the current knowledge in an area
Informal ways of acquiring knowledge
-Trial and error
-following traditions
-borrowing info from other fields
-personal experience
-intuition
Formal ways of acquiring knowledge
-role modeling
-reasoning
-inductive reason
Inductive Reasoning
moves from specific to general
Deductive Reasoning
moves from general to specific
logical reasoning
process of thinking to draw conclusions
Goal of health informatics
to empower populations, communities, families, and individuals with the opportunity to improve the quality and increase the quantity of their days by maximizing the use of technology in healthcare
Medical error (adverse event)
the failure of a planned action to be completed as intended or the use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim
usability
a requirement for the success of the system and patient satisfaction
Sources of Medical error
-adverse drug events
-catheter associated UTI’s
-central line infections
-fall injuries
-pressure ulcers
-ventilator associated pneumonia
-wrong site/wrong procedure
-deep vain thrombosis
-misdiagnosis
Experimental research
-controlled manipulation of at least 1 independent variable
-experimental and control groups
-random assignment
-research unit or laboratory
Interventional
Quasi-Experimental Research
-examines cause and effect relationships
-samples are NOT randomly selected
-partially controlled
Interventional
Correlational Research
-looks at the relationship between 2 or more variables
-determine strength and type of relationship
-natural or partially controlled
Non-interventional
Descriptive Research
-explores and describes a phenomena in real-life situations
-new meaning discovered
-natural or partially controlled
Non-interventional
Research Problem
area of concern where there is a gap of knowledge needed for nursing practice
- INITIAL step when developing a study
Research Purpose
generated from the problem and identifies the specific focus or goal of the study
Hypothesis
a formal statement of the expected relationships between 2 or more variables in a specified population
data collection
systemic gathering of information relevant to the research purpose
data analysis
organization and statistical testing of data to determine to determine prevalence and cause
Introduction
nature and scope of the problem
purpose, framework
abstract
summary of the study
methods
how the study was conducted
study design
setting
data collection
results
outcomes of implementing data analysis plan
discussion
ties everything
includes major findings
limitations
conclusion
suggestions
independent variable
intervention
dependent variable
depends on the (outcome) response to the intervention
how does sampling introduces bias into a study
does not give everyone the same probability/equal chance of being chosen
-people could choose participants that would prove their hypothesis
random sampling
-each member has an equal chance of being selected
-has the MOST control
convenience sampling
whoever is available
concrete variables
temperature, weight - definite answers
abstract variables
creativity, empathy - an idea or thought
PICO
P-population or participants of interest in your clinical setting
I-Intervention needed for practice
C-Comparisons of interventions to determine the best intervention for your practice
O-outcomes needed and ways to measure them
research topic
a concept or broad issue important to nursing
STEEEP
Safe
Timely
Effective (EBP)
Efficient
Equitable
Patient-centered
feasibility of a study
researcher’s expertise, money commitment, and availability of study participants, facilities, and equipment
Stevens Star Model of Knowledge Transformation
- Discovery Research
- Evidence Summary
- Translation to guidelines
- Practice Integration
- Process, Outcome Evaluation
discovery research
knowledge produces through primary discovery
-from a single study
evidence summary
include evidence synthesis, systematic review, integrative reviews ….
translation to guidelines
merge research knowledge with expertise to produce clinical practice guidelines
Practice integration
integrate clinical findings into practice
-individual, organization, policy
process, outcome evaluation
evaluate the impact of change
-patient outcomes
-population outcomes
-efficiency and cost factors
-redesign of care
outcomes research
focuses on outcomes
-should refine or generate relevant knowledge for nursing practice
extraneous variables
can interfere, be recognized/unrecognized, and controlled/uncontrolled
Practiced Based Evidence (PBE)
an innovative research design that uses data and evidence gathered from current evidence
health informatics
use of technology in health care
a specialty/profession itself that assist healthcare to review data
-telehealth
-robotics
-sensors
-behavioral health at a distance
interoperability
a topic and area of study - handoffs between EHRs with hospital and nursing home or systems not being able to work together
empirical knowledge
quantitative research
qualitative research
outcomes research
