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Chemistry > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Atoms

A

smallest structure of a chemical element

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2
Q

Protons

A

mass of 1 atomic unit
positive charge

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3
Q

Neutron

A

mass of 1 atomic unit
neutral charge

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4
Q

Electron

A

mass inconsequential
negative charge

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5
Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons in that atom

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6
Q

Atomic weight

A

number of protons and neutrons in that atom

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7
Q

Periodic table group

A

column
atoms have similar properties

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8
Q

Periodic table period

A

row
atoms have different properties

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9
Q

Isotope

A

same # of protons
different # of neutrons
different atomic weight

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10
Q

Ion

A

same # of protons
different # of electrons

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11
Q

Ionic bond

A

-non-metal atom pulls electron from a metal atom
->2 difference in electronegativity

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12
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

0.5-2 difference in electronegativity

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13
Q

Non-polar covalent bond

A

<0.5 difference in electronegativity

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14
Q

Covalent bond

A

share electrons

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15
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

-gives off heat
-heat in left side (product)
-products have less energy than reactants
-increased temperature = increased reactants
-increased temperature = decreased K

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16
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

-absorbs heat
-heat in right side (reactants)
-products have more energy than reactants
-increased temperature = increased products
-increased temperature = increased K

17
Q

Equilibrium constant

A

-written as “K”
K = products/reactants
-changes with temperature
-remove reactant= converts product back into reactant
-remove product = converts more reactant into product

18
Q

Catalyst

A

reduces activation energy only

19
Q

Zero Order Kinetics

A

rate is constant
half-life is variable
straight line

20
Q

First Order Kinetics

A

half-life is constant
rate is variable
curved line

21
Q

Critical temperature

A

substance above Tcrit will always be a gas

22
Q

What percent of N2O is left right when it starts reading lower than 750 mmHg?

A

16%

23
Q

What are the correct units for the ideal gas law?

A

PV=nRT
P: atmospheres
V: liters
n: moles
T: Kelvin

24
Q

If you increase the products in a reaction, what happens to the equation?

A

more reactant is made by product being converted back to reactants

25
Q

If you increase the heat in an endothermic reaction, what happens in the equation?

A

more products are made
*heat is a reactant

26
Q

If you add a catalyst to a reaction, what happens to the equation?

A

nothing, the equilibrium just occurs faster

27
Q

If you decrease the reactants in a reaction, what happens to the equation?

A

more reactants are made by product being converted back to reactants

28
Q

If you increase the heat in an exothermic reaction, what happens in the equation?

A

more reactants are made by product being converted back to reactants

29
Q

Dalton’s Law of partial pressure

A

total pressure of the gas is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture
ex. 0.21 x 760 mmHg = 159.6 mmHg partial pressure of oxygen

30
Q

How does MAC change with barometric pressure changes?
-increase
-decrease

A

increase: decreased MAC
decrease: increased MAC

31
Q

Is vapor pressure temperature dependent?

A

yes
change in temperature = change in vapor pressure

32
Q

Critical pressure

A

did not discuss
question distractor

33
Q

If a gas is above it’s critical temperature, you can expect there to be gas/liquid/both?

A

only gas

34
Q

London forces

A

everything has London forces
increasing forces with increasing atomic weight
weak forces

35
Q

Dipole-Dipole forces

A

-needs to have a polar molecule
-one will have permanent positive and one will have negative side
-opposites will attract
-stronger than London forces

36
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

-need Hydrogen on Oxygen or Nitrogen with lone pair of electrons
-strongest bond

37
Q

molarity units

A

grams and milliliters

38
Q

tonicity

A

the tonicity of one solution in comparison to another
ex. low albumin or hyponatremia & BBB

39
Q

hydrophilic colloid

A

Chemistry (6 decks)

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