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textile science > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

calculation for tenacity

A

grams/denier
or
measure of force/
unit of weight

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2
Q

calculation for stress

A

breakpoint force (g)/
denier

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3
Q

calculation for strain

A

elongation (cm)/
original length
x100
=%

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4
Q

calculation for Initial Modulus

A

a Stress/
a Strain

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5
Q

calculation for Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)

A

y2-y1/
x2-x1

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6
Q

side by side bicomponent fiber

A

like split ice cream
helical crimp
adds bulk
which adds stretch

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7
Q

cover core biocomponent fiber

A

caramel apple
changes surface characteristics

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8
Q

Matrix-fibril type biocomponent fiber

A

multiple cores
-changes optic qualities (luster, reflectance, dye uptake)
-increases molecular weight which increases strength

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9
Q

cysteine linkages

A

-in protein
-amino/acid
-basic/acidic reactions
-positive/negative charge reactions
-polarity attracts water

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10
Q

protein molecule

A

-cystine linkages
-bottle shape chain
-open space allows area for reactions, water absorption, and collapse
- ability to shrink
-poor stability

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11
Q

cellulose molecule

A

-chicken wire chain structure
-6 OH groups (6n) for absorption
-poor resiliency
-can’t bounce back well

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12
Q

c
II
o

A

amide linkage
-effects absorbency and
heat stability
-ideal is 4 carbon per amide for optimal absorbency.

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13
Q

COOH3

A

acetate
-crystalline structure
-substitutes OH for LOWER absorption
-heavier molecule=higher heat stability

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14
Q

crystallinity

A

compact structure
-higher heat stability
-strong but brittle

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15
Q

amorphous

A

openly spaced
-low absorbency
-less heat resistant

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16
Q

aromatic ring

A

-stronger
-heat/flame resistant

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17
Q

n

A

degree of polymerization
-number of molecules per repeat structure
-higher n=more absorbent and heat resistant

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18
Q

dimensional stability

A

physical changes when heat or moister are applied

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19
Q

specific gravity/density

A

weight of material in denier

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20
Q

denier

A

weight of fiber per 9000 meters

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21
Q

fiber theory

A

fibers are made up of polymers via a process of linking molecules (monomers) together called polymerization

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22
Q

types of fiber identification

A

-burn test
-staining test
-chemical solubility
-density gradient
-light microscopy
-polarizing microscopy
-electron microscopy
-infrared microscopy

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23
Q

modification ratio

A

outer diameter (x)/
Inner diameter(y)
-larger ratio = soiling, crushing, matting

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24
Q

melt spinning

A

polymer is heated and solidified into any shape through the spinneret

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25
wet spinning
a polymer and a solvent are mixed into a solution and spinneret extrudes into a bath that neutralizes the solvent
26
dry spinning
a polymer and a solvent are mixed into a solution and spinneret extrudes into the air where the solvent evaporates from the core.
27
E/V
ratio of solvent evaporation in dry spinning E= evaporation rate from surface V= diffusion rate of solvent from center of filament EV=irregular E<<
28
acrylic vs modacrylic
acrylic has : -Higher tenacity -lower density -higher regain
29
acetate vs. triacetate
acetate has: -double the regain (absorbency) -lower softening temp -more intense care (dry clean) -5% more elongation -worse resiliency -worse elastic recovery
30
DS
degree of substitution
31
absorbency
moistier regain effects: -comfort (good for hydrophilic) -static build up (good for hydrophilic) -dimensional stability in water (good for hydrophilic) -wrinkle recovery (poor for hydrophilic)
32
abrasion resistance
ability to resist wear from abrasion -nylon has great abrasion resistance -lyocell and acetate have poor
33
elasticity
ability to elongate and recover -spandex has high elasticity as an elastomeric
34
flexibility
capability of a fiber to bend without breaking. -flexible fibers have good drape (ie. acetate) -generally thinner -rigid fabric holds shape
35
Hand
the way fabric feels -effected by fiber surface -either crimped or straight
36
pilling
broken ends of a fiber tangling together on the surface - common for hydrophobic fibers with static -strong fibers hold on to pill -rough fiber surface snags (wool)
37
resiliency
capability of fabric to bounce back after being distorted -good resiliency does not wrinkle thicker/ rounder fibers have better resiliency than thin/flat ones -polyester is very resilient -cotton has very poor resiliency
38
strength
fibers capability to withstand stress strong fabrics include: - glass, nylon, polyester weak fabrics include: -acetate acrylic
39
thermoplasticity
ability to handle heat exposure
40
favorable qualities of cotton
-good strength -good abrasion resistance -wicking -stronger when wet -no static -no pilling
41
unfavorable properties of cotton
-poor elasticity -poor resiliency (wrinkles) -damaged by acid -mildew/silverfish -poor luster
42
end uses of cotton
wide range in: -apparel -industrial -home furnishings
43
favorable properties of flax
-excellent strength -stronger when wet -more absorbent than cotton -good luster -good hand -high iron temp
44
unfavorable properties of flax
-only fair resistance to abrasion (less than cotton) -poor drape -poor elasticity -poor resiliency -mildew
45
end uses of flax
-apparel -tablecloths -napkins -bedding
46
favorable qualities of silk
-excellent drape -luxurious hand -hydrophilic -little static -no pilling
47
unfavorable qualities of silk
-fair resiliency -fair abrasion resistance -good strength but loss when wet
48
end uses of silk
-dresses -ties -scarfs -blouses -luxury bedding
49
favorable properties of wool
-good resiliency -good hand -good drape -good elasticity -hydrophilic -warm -resistant to acids
50
unfavorable properties of wool
-fair/good abrasion resistance -poor luster -strength loss when wet -moths -shrinks -felting/pilling -can be itchy
51
end uses of wool
-overcoats -suits -sweaters -carpets -luxury upholstery -felt hats
52
favorable properties of acrylic
-inexpensive wool replacement -good drape -warm but lightweight -good resiliency -good elasticity
53
unfavorable properties of acrylic
-fair strength -fait abrasion resistance -hydrophobic -static issues -pilling
54
end uses of acrylic
-sweaters -blankets -carpets -children's clothing -outdoor products i.e. tents/awnings/umbrellas
55
favorable properties of Lyocell
-strongest cellulosic fiber -less shrinkage -stronger when wet -great luster -good drape -soft hand
56
unfavorable properties of lyocell
-fibers can splinter -pilling -not very colorfast
57
end uses of lyocell
-dress slacks -blouses -pajamas -shirts -dresses
58
favorable properties of Nylon
-excellent strength -excellent abrasion resistance -very good elasticity -very good resiliency -good drape
59
unfavorable properties of Nylon
-hydrophobic -static -pilling
60
end uses of nylon
-apparel: swimsuits, lingerie, pantyhose's, jackets -home furnishing: bedding, carpeting, upholster, luggage -industrial: rope, parachutes.
61
favorable properties of Olefin
-good strength -good abrasion resistance -excellent resiliency -repels stains (most hydrophobic) -can have excellent moisture wicking when thin or blended with other fibers
62
unfavorable properties of Olefin
-too hydrophobic for most clothing -static -pilling -very low heat resistance
63
end uses of olefin
-running/cycling clothing -wetsuits
64
favorable properties of PLA
-excellent resiliency -good wicking -outstanding crimp retention -good thermal insulaiton -breathable -high UV protection -excellent hand -excellent drape
65
end uses of PLA
-pillow stuffing (from crimp retention) -fibrofill for mattresses/comforters -activewear -apparel -outdoor textiles
66
favorable properties of polyester
-very good strength -very good abrasion resistance -excellent resiliency -good elasticity
67
unfavorable properties of polyester
-completely hydrophobic -absorbs oil -hard to remove stains -static -pilling
68
end uses of polyester
-apparel -interior textiles -industrial -carpets -sails -fiberfill -sewing thread
69
favorable properties of Rayon
-fair/good strength -fair/good abrasion resistance -hydrophilic -no static -no pilling
70
unfavorable properties of Rayon
-looses a lot of strength when wet -poor elasticity -poor resiliency -shrinks in the wash
71
favorable properties of spandex
-excellent stretch as an elastomeric -good recovery -excellent strength -no pilling -no static -good durability
72
unfavorable properties of spandex
-poor strength (makes up for it with stretch) -hydrophobic -low heat resistance
73
end uses of spandex
-denim -undergarments -swimwear -athletic apparel
74
favorable properties of Aramid
-high strength -good abrasion resistance -does not melt -high heat resistance (700F) -stretch resistance -very tough (bulletproof)
75
end uses of aramid
-heat-protective clothing -cables -tires -bulletproof vests -also known as Kevlar/Nomex
76
favorable properties of PBI
-excellent flame resistance -does not melt or burn -high moisture regain -remains intact -low smoke
77
end uses of PBI
-firefighter uniform -racecar uniform -space suit -hazmat suit
78
favorable properties of saran
-good strength -good abrasion resistance -self-extinguishing
79
unfavorable properties of saran
-very dangerous chemicals (vynal chloride) -stiff -low safe iron temp -poor hand (slippery) -no moisture regain
80
end uses of saran
-upholstery -outdoor furniture -filters -doll hair
81
most abrasion resistant fibers
-nylon -olefin -polyester -flax
82
least abrasion resistant fibers
-wool -rayon -acetate
83
most resilient fibers
-polyester -wool -nylon -modacrylic
84
least resilient fibers
-acetate -cotton -rayon -flax
85
most absorbent fabrics
wool flax lyocell silk
86
least absorbent fabrics
acrylic spandex polyester olefin glass
87
most elastic fabrics
spandex olefin nylon acrylic
88
least elastic fabrics
lyocell cotton glass flax
89
strongest fabrics (dry)
glass flax nylon polyester olefin
90
weakest fabrics (dry)
silk acrylic wool spandex
91
strongest fabrics (wet)
cotton flax glass olefin
92
weakest fabrics (wet)
acrylic wool acetate rayon

textile science (3 decks)

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