Exam 1 Flashcards
As ROM increases, stability ___
Decreases
Why does the shoulder have a large ROM?
- Shallow ball-&-socket joint
- Joint capsule & ligaments are lax
- Small cross sectional area of the muscle
Shoulder Impingement is because of what two things?
- Overuse and inflammation of supraspinatus
- Movement decreases subacromial space
For every __ degree(s) of shoulder girdle movement, the shoulder joint moves __ degree(s)
1:2
Shoulder joint :Abduction
Shoulder Girdle: Upward rotation
Shoulder Joint: adduction
Shoulder girdle: downward rotation
Shoulder joint: flexion
Shoulder girdle: elevation/ upward rotation
Shoulder joint: extension
Shoulder girdle: depression/downward rotation
Shoulder joint: internal rotation
Shoulder girdle: protraction
Shoulder joint: external rotation
Shoulder girdle: retraction
Shoulder joint: Horizontal Abduction
Shoulder girdle: retraction
Shoulder joint: horizontal adduction
Shoulder girdle: protraction
What muscles in the shoulder girdle elevate the scapula
Rhomboids, Trapezius (upper and middle), levator scapulae
What muscles in the shoulder girdle do depression of the scapula?
Trapezius(lower), and pectoralis minor
What muscles in the shoulder girdle do retraction
Rhomboids and trapezius( middle and lower)
What muscles in the shoulder girdle do protraction?
Serratus anterior, and pectoralis minor
What muscles in the shoulder girdle do upward rotation?
Trapezius (middle and lower) and serratus anterior
What muscles in the shoulder girdle do downward rotation?
Rhomboids and pectoralis minor
Isokinetics
A type of dynamic exercise using concentric and/or eccentric muscle contractions
Collagen
Provides flexibility and strength to resist tension in bones
What does the skeleton do?
-protection
-support and maintain posture
-protection of internal organs
-storage of minerals
-hematopoiesis
T/F longer muscles and shorten through greater range and are more efficient in moving joints through large ranges of motion
True
Kinesthesis
The conscious awareness of the position and movement of the body in space
If the ___ plane runs medial to lateral, than it’s axis must run from front to back
Frontal
Extensibility
The ability of muscle to be passively stretched beyond its normal resting length
Stabilizer muscles
They are essential in establishing a relatively firm base for the more distal joints to work from when carrying out movements.
GH flexion agonists
anterior deltoid and upper pectoralis major
GH extension agonists
teres major, latissimus dorsi, lower pectoralis major
Intrinsic GH muscles
deltoid, coracobrachialis, teres major and subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
Extrinsic GH muscles
latissimus dorsi
Deltoid muscle anterior fibers do
abduction, flexion, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation
deltoid muscle middle fibers do
abduction
deltoid muscles posterior fibers do
abduction, extension, horizontal abduction and external rotation
pectoralis major upper fibers (clavicular head) do
internal rotation, horizontal adduction, flexion, abduction, and adduction
pectoralis major lower fibers (sternal head) do
internal rotation, horizontal adduction, extension, and adduction
latissimus dorsi
adduction, extension, internal rotation, horizontal abductor, depression of shoulder
teres major muscle
extension, internal rotation, adduction
coracobrachialis muscle
flexion, adduction, horizontal adduction
subscapularis muscle
internal rotation, adduction, extension, stabilization of humeral head
supraspinatus
abduction and stabilization of humeral head
infraspinatus
external rotation, horizontal abduction, extension, stabilization of humeral head
teres minor
external rotation, horizontal abduction, extension, stabilization of humeral head
GH abduction agonist
deltoid, supraspinatus, upper pectoralis major
GH adduction agonist
latissimus dorsi, teres major, lower pectoralis major
GH internal rotation agonists (all attached anteromedially on humerus)
latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis, pectoralis major
GH external rotation agonists (attached posteriorly on greater tubercle)
infraspinatus and teres minor
GH horizontal abduction agonists
posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor
GH horizontal adduction agonists
anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, coracobrachialis
rhomboids
retraction, downward rotation and elevation
trapezius upper fibers
elevation
trapezius middle fibers
elevation, retraction, upward rotation
trapezius lower fibers
retraction, upward rotation, depression
levator scapulae
elevation
serratus anterior
protraction and upwards rotation
pectoralis minor
protraction, downward rotation and depression
subclavius muscle
stabilization and protection of sternoclavicular joint
what are skeletal muscle functions?
movement
protection
posture and support
body heat
Parallel muscles have a ___ rom and a ____ force production
large, small
Pennate muscles have a ___ rom and a ____ force production
small, large
Irritability or excitability
property of muscle being sensitive or responsive to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli
Contractility
ability of muscle to be passively stretched beyond its normal resting length
Elasticity
ability of muscle to return to its original length following stretching
kinethesis
awareness of position
proprioception
mechanism to maintain posture
synarthrodial joints
immovable joints
amphiarthrodial joints
slightly moveable joints
diarthrodial (synovial joints)
moveable joints
