Exam 1

Question 1

Reification

Answer 1

The process of converting a description
(adjective) into a thing (noun)

Question 2

Reified Constructs

Answer 2

Terms that are constructed (i.e., invented) by turning descriptions into “things.”

Question 3

Circular Argument

Answer 3

Explaining by naming involves a tautology

Question 4

pseudo-explanation

Answer 4

An “explanation” that seems like a true
explanation, but really isn’t is

Question 5

organism-based explanation

Answer 5

When we take a reified construct and place “it”
inside the individual, and then use it to “explain”
the behavior of that individual

Question 6

genetic endowment

Answer 6

Which comes from the particular evolutionary history of our ancestors

Question 7

past experiences

Answer 7

The particular learning experiences we’ve had in our lifetime

Question 8

The current environmental conditions

Answer 8

The particular situation present at the moment

Question 9

Phenotypes

Answer 9

Observable physical and behavioral
characteristics that result from the interaction of genotype
with the environment

Question 10

Differential Survival/Reproduction

Answer 10

Within the environment that the species lives (i.e., the
niche), some variations increase the likelihood of survival
and, thus, of reproduction