EXAM 1 Flashcards
Describe Network Resilience
To remove a node, knowing the whole network will not crash because other nodes will compensate.
Elements formed by Big Bang
H, He, Li, Be
Elements formed by Stellar Nucleogenesis
Elements 5-26
B, C , O, N, Ne, Na, Si, P, S, Ar, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe
Elements formed by Supernova Nucleogenesis
Elements 27 +
Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, In, Te, Xe, Ba, Pr, W, Re, Pt, Au, Hg, Pb, Bi, Th, U
Why does mountain have high biodiversity
- Their soil originated from oceanic plate (subduction forms mountains). Therefore, the soil provide environmental conditions that drives adaptive change, resulting in speciation.
Ex: Cedar and Redwood
What are Core Mantle Hot Spots?
a fixed, intensely hot area in the mantle below Earth’s crust.
Why are volcanoes made by hot spots unique compared to volcanoes made by subduction
These volcanoes does not occur from Earth’s tectonic plates. Rather, they are formed by the rising mantle plumes, melting a hole in the crust, so the magma can ooze outwards.
What is B12?
A cofactor composed of Cobalt as its core. It plays a role in cell metabolism, nerve function.
B12 deficiency leads to pale skin, muscle weakness, neuralgia, indigestion, etc
What is Selenium
A cofactor responsible for supporting immunity, reproduction, brain, thyroid gland
Selenium deficiency leads to autoimmune disease risk, cancer death risk, cardiovascular disease
What are Main Sequence Stars
Stars that convert hydrogen into helium into their core, releasing energy
What happens when hydrogen runs out in a star
The star will be unable to hold its own gravity, thus being collapsing itself into a core
This leads to white dwarf (small stars) and supernova (big stars)
Methodology of Finding Earth’s Origin of Water
Volcanoes: Hydrogen and Oxygen exist in Earth’s mantle. Thus, this forms water in the form of vapor and is degassed by volcanoes
Comet/Asteroid: Comparing Deuterium of Comet/Asteroid to Earth
Why is Earth’s Oceanic Crust more denser than Continental
Oceanic plates are composed of basalt igneous rock while continental are composed of granite. Basalt is more dense than Granite
How are subduction zone contribute to the ocean’s salinity?
Subduction zone gives opportunity for sediments to erode into the ocean. When an oceanic plate subduct against a continental, it creates a trench. Gravity, wind, water can erode sediments into the trench
How are subduction zone contribute to the ocean’s salinity?
Subduction zone gives opportunity for sediments to erode into the ocean. When an oceanic plate subduct against a continental, it creates a trench. Gravity, wind, water can erode sediments into the trench
Do you think you would find greater geological diversity on or near an active margin or a passive continental margin?
Active Margin
Subduction can generate multiple environment such as volcanic environment or oceanic trench environment
Why do soils derived from the erosion of greywacke provide better growth conditions
for plant and animal life than soils derived from sandstone or claystone?
Sandstone is too permeable while claystone is not permeable. Grewackle is the perfect mixture
The main dome of Enchanted rock is the top of a granitic
Batholith
What is a batholith? How does it form?
large igneous intrusion extending into Earth’s crust
Batholith forms from magma intruding into Earth’s crust, cooling, and revealed by erosion
What type of rock is granite?
Igneous
What are igneous rocks?
Rock formed by the cooling of magma
What are sedimentary rock?
Rocks that form from compressed or cemented layers of sediment
What are metamorphic rocks?
Rocks that form from high pressure and heat
What are the unusual chemical characteristics of serpentine rocks compared to
typical rocks on the Earth’s crust?
Serpentine rock is low in essential nutrients and high in toxic heavy metals.
