Exam 1 Flashcards
What type of loop is the CVS
Closed loop
Functions of the CVS
Transport of materials
Communication between cells
What does the CVS transport
Nutrients (Macros)
Wastes (CO2)
Water
Gases (O2)
Heat (sweat, shivering)
How does CVS contribute to communication of cells
Hormones, Cytokines, immune system functions
Cytokines
Chemicals released by any immune cells, NOT antibodies
Ex: Histamine
Components of CVS
Heart, Blood, Blood vessels
Blood vesseles
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, venules
2 loops of the CVS
Systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
Blood flows from heart to tissues back to heart
Left heart
Pulmonary circulation
Blood flows from heart to lungs back to heart
Right heart
Difference between arteries and veins
An artery carries blood away from the heart
Vein carries blood TO the heart
What is special about renal and digestive circulation
They have 2 capillary beds instead of 1 (Portal system)
Pressure Gradient
A difference in pressure
It dictates how blood move through the body. Moves from high to low pressure
What happens to pressure as blood travels away from heart
The mean blood pressure decreases the further you move
Where is pressure greatest in CVS
Aorta
Where is pressure lowest
Vena Cava
Why does pressure decrease over distance?
Resistance
What provides resistance in CVS?
“things” in the blood, running into these things, walls of vessels, diameter of vessels
Important relationships of behavior of fluids and gas in CVS
Pressure, flow, and resistance
Pressure
The force exerted by the fluid or gas on its container
Units: mmHg
2 components of pressure
Dynamic and lateral
Dynamic pressure
Flowing components that is kinetic energy
Lateral pressure
Represents potential energy exerted on the walls of the system (still tech. KE)
Hydrostatic Pressure
Energy that is exerted on the walls of blood vessels (lateral movement/pressure)
Use Hydraulic instead because it is not “static”