Exam 1 Flashcards
When we use the term personality in everyday speech we are usually referring to
A. unconscious forces
B. an unorganized pattern of the perception of “I”
C. that which determines an individual’s behavior
D. an individual’s public image or social role
D. an individual’s public image or social role
Of the following questions, which most accurately reflects the study of personality?
A. How do humans differ from animals?
B. Who am I?
C. How have humans changed over the course of history?
D. When are behavior patterns determined?
B. Who am I?
Freud’s theory of personality was developed on the basis of…
A. rigorous scientific testing of human behavior in laboratory settings.
B. experimentation on animals, the results of which were generalized to humans.
C. his experience living in Europe, Asia, and Africa.
D. his own clinical observations.
D. his own clinical observations.
Macro theories of personality are to micro theories as ________ is to ________
A. global; specific
B. implicit; explicit
C. optimistic; pessimistic
D. reactive; proactive
A. global; specific
What do personality theorists seek to accomplish in their role of scientists?
A. They deal with the study of ultimate reality.
B. They apply their findings to foster better living.
C. They explore what it means to be a person.
D. They test hypotheses to explain human behavior.
D. They test hypotheses to explain human behavior.
Of the following philosophical assumptions, which one concerns a person’s ability to control his own behavior and understand the motives behind it?
A. Freedom versus determinism
B. Heredity versus environment
C. Uniqueness versus universality
D. Optimism versus pessimism
A. Freedom versus determinism
The basic philosophical issue of optimism versus pessimism that personality theorists consider centers on whether…
A. people can change their personalities over time.
B. human nature is fundamentally good or bad.
C. hope is an essential feature of psychotherapy.
D. personality theories can adequately explain or predict human behavior.
A. people can change their personalities over time.
The logical consistency of a philosophical assumption refers to the criterion of…
A. Comprehensiveness
B. Coherence
C. Compellingness
D. Relevance
B. Coherence
One requirement of scientific statements is that they be…
A. based on extrasensory perception.
B. open to falsification.
C. based on an epiphanic act of knowledge.
D. evaluated by their compellingness.
B. open to falsification.
Freud suggested that destructive or socially unacceptable wishes are repressed because they…
A. are incompatible with the Oedipal stage.
B. are in conflict with one’s self-image.
C. would otherwise find an outlet in hysterical symptoms.
D. are in opposition to the id.
B. are in conflict with one’s self-image.
The dream we remember in the morning is known as the ________ dream, whereas its underlying meaning is referred to as the ________ dream.
A. Manifest; Latent
B. Primary; Secondary
C. Latent; Manifest
D. Secondary; Primary
A. Manifest; Latent
What does the term libido refer to?
A. Repressed aggressive impulses
B. The energy derived from the sex drive
C. The physical component of sexuality
D. The term for “sexual intercourse” in German
B. The energy derived from the sex drive
Which of the following would appropriately fit the definition of drive in Freud’s theory?
A. The envy Lena feels when she looks at Sally’s car
B. The lust Dennis feels on his wedding night
C. The sadness Glenda felt when she lost her dog
D. The headache Ron got from straining his vision
B. The lust Dennis feels on his wedding night
Freud believed that the primary purpose of sexuality is
A. to accommodate latent aggression.
B. to facilitate interpersonal relations.
C. to seek pleasure and reduce tension.
D. reproduction.
C. to seek pleasure and reduce tension.
Antonio is a boy who, according to Freudian theory, is experiencing the Oedipus complex. Which of the following is most likely to be true about Antonio?
A. He is less than three years old.
B. He has a strong desire to have a special relationship with his mother.
C. He views his father as an ally or teammate.
D. He is in the genital stage of psychosexual development.
B. He has a strong desire to have a special relationship with his mother.
What is the correct ordering of Freud’s psychosexual stages?
A. oral, anal, genital, phallic, latency
B. oral, genital, anal, latency, phallic
C. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
D. oral, phallic, genital, anal, latency
C. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Ego is to id as the ________ is to the _________.
A. life instinct; death instinct
B. sexuality; morality
C. reality principle; pleasure principle
D. unconscious; conscious
C. reality principle; pleasure principle
When Lisa was a child, her parents were negligent when it came to rewarding appropriate behavior and punishing inappropriate behavior. As a result, it is most likely that, as an adult, Lisa would display an…
A. Overdeveloped superego
B. Underdeveloped superego
C. overdeveloped ego
D. underdeveloped id
B. Underdeveloped superego
Which part of the personality is in charge in the well-adjusted adult personality?
A. Ego
B. Superego
C. Ego-ideal
D. Id
A. Ego
Which of the following is true with regard to defense mechanisms?
A. Studies of Asian Buddhists living in Thailand show that they use entirely different defense mechanisms from those used by Americans.
B. The component of the psyche from which defense mechanisms develop is the id.
C. Individuals are consciously aware of almost all of the defense mechanisms they develop.
D. Defense mechanisms help the individual cope with anxiety.
D. Defense mechanisms help the individual cope with anxiety.
Brian, who feels sexual stirrings whenever he looks at his next-door neighbor, has convinced himself that she is actually aroused by him. Brian’s belief reflects which of the following defense mechanisms?
A. Displacement
B. Identification
C. Projection
D. Reaction formation
C. Projection
Cahlil is angry at his mother but, rather than taking his anger out directly on her, he takes it out on his younger sister. Cahlil’s behavior exemplifies
A. Displacement
B. Projection
C. Regression
D. Sublimation
A. Displacement
When a patient in psychoanalysis reexperiences emotions and conflicts from his or her past but focuses these feelings on the therapist, he or she is said to be experiencing
A. Transference
B. Identification
C. Free Association
D. Catharsis
A. Transference
Adler and Sullivan’s theories mark a shift from a stress on ________ phenomena to an emphasis on ________ aspects.
A. intrapsychic; interpsychic
B. mental; physical
C. social; sexual
D. unique; universal
A. intrapsychic; interpsychic
