Exam 1 Flashcards
What is zygomorphic?
bilateral floral symmetry
What is actinomorphic?
radial floral symmetry
How are the binomial names of plants written?
Genus, Specific epithet, authority
Genus & Species are underlined or italic
In the taxonomic hierarchy, what is below species?
forma = color variant variety = geographical variation w/morphological distinction
Who determines a plant’s scientific name?
International botanical congress
How is the “species name” determined for a new species?
it usually describes the plant in some way
For a name to be legitimate/correct, what is necessary?
- validity published in printed matter
- Latin diagnosis
- type specimen indicated - must be in a herbarium
- intended rank - taxonomy
- illustrated and description
Why not use only common names?
a common name is not universally applied & may refer to several different species
What is an angiosperm?
flowering plants
Phylum Magnoliophyta
When did angiosperms first appear in the fossil record?
ca.130 m.y.b.p.
When did angiosperms initially dominate all other plant groups?
70 m.y.b.p.
What is the perianth?
collective term for non-reproductive floral parts
What are gynoecium?
the female parts of a flower
What are androecium?
The male parts of a flower
What are all floral parts attached to?
the receptacle
What does hypogynous insertion mean?
floral parts are attached below the base of the ovary making the ovary superior
What does perigynous mean?
floral parts around edge of cup-like receptacle; making the ovary superior
What does epigynous mean?
floral parts are adnate to the ovary wall, appearing to emerge above the ovary making the ovary inferior
When petals & sepals are alike what are they called? Give an example.
tepals
eg) tulip
What does connate mean?
when similar parts of the Perianth are fused together
eg) petals together to form a tube
What does adnate mean?
unlike parts of the perianth are fused together
How do you determine the # of carpels?
- count the # of stigmas, styles or style branches
- examine # of chambers (locules in ovary)
- look for rows of seeds (1/2 as many carpels as rows of seeds)
What is a couplet?
2 leads in a dichotomous key with the same number
What does it mean for a flower to be perfect?
they have both androecium & gynoecium
What does monecious mean?
both staminate & carpellate flower born on a single plant
What does Dioecious mean?
staminate & carpellate flowers born on separate individual plants
What is a pedicel?
stalk of the flower
What is a peduncle?
stalk of a flower cluster
What is a inflorescence?
groups of flowers born on the same plant
What does it mean for a leaf to be sessile?
they lack petioles
What are cauline leaves?
stem leaves
What are basal leaves?
leaves that form “rosettes” or clusters at the base of a plant (dandelion)
What is a bract?
a modified lead at the base of an inflorescence or a flower
What parts of a flower are androecium?
filament & anther - male parts
these are the stalk & terminal (respectively) of the smaller
What parts of a flower are gynoecium?
stigma, style, ovary - female parts
all together these are called the pistil
What is the corolla?
all of the petals
What is the ovule locule?
the space in the ovary btw the ovary wall & ovule
What is the name for all the sepal?
calyx
What is the difference in leaf venation between dicots & monocots?
dicot leaves are netted veined
monocot leaves are parallel veined
Which has 2ndary growth: monocots or dicots?
dicots
What is the difference in the # of cotyledons in the seed btw dicots and monocots?
dicots have 2
monocots have 1
Which has more genera & species: monocots or dicots?
dicots
