Exam 1 Flashcards
What is a carbonyl?
Polar, acid
What is phosphate
Non polar, acid
What is methyl
Non polar, not an acid or base
What is sulfhydryl
Polar, not an acid or base
What is an amino
Polar, base
What is a glycosidic linkage?
Covalent bond between two monosaccharides
What is a hydroxyl
Polar, weak acid
What are lipids
Non polar, fatty acids joined to glycerol by dehydration synthesis
What does cis mean
A double bond in a chain that causes a bend
What is a disaccharide
When dehydration synthesis joins 2 monosaccharides
What are carbohydrates made up of
C,H and O in a 1:2:1 ratio
What is a chiral carbon
A carbon atom singly bonded to 4 different groups )excludes double and triple bonds)
What is an enantiomer
Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other
What is a stereoisomer
Molecules with the same chemical formula and bonds, but different arrangements
What is a structural isomer
Molecules with the same chemical formula, but different bonds
What are non polar bonds
Uncharged atoms with equal electro negativity
What are polar bonds
Atoms with an electronegativity greater than or equal to .5, but less than 1.7 (OH bonds are always polar)
What is a monomer
A molecule that reacts with the same type of molecule to form a larger molecule
What is a polymer
Large molecules made of many similar , but smaller molecules that are linked in a chain
What is the difference between a low and high ph
A low ph has lots of hydrogen ions and a high ph has a reduced amount of hydrogen ions
What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Hydrophobic is nonpolar(can’t react with water) and hydrophilic is polar (reacts with water)
What kinda of bonds does the tertiary structure have
H bonds, ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions
What is the quaternary structure of protein
Proteins combine their tertiary structure to form multiple polypeptides (not all go through this)
What is the tertiary structure of protein
Establishes the 3d structure (determined by r group interactions)
What is the secondary structure of protein
Amino acids form coils (alpha helix) and folds (beta helix)
What is the primary structure of protein
A sequence of amino acids
What is a peptide bond
Strong bond formed through dehydration synthesis that links amino acids together
What is an amino acid
A central carbon is bonded to amino acid and carbonyl groups, H and a side chain (R)
What is a phosphodiester
Strong covalent bonds that link nucleotides together
What composed a nucleotide
A 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous based and a phosphate group
Is the phosphate group (head) of a nucleotide hydrophilic or hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
What is a carbonyl
Polar, acid
What are ionic bonds
Atoms with an electronegativity greater than 1.7
