Exam 1

Question 1

What is a carbonyl?

Answer 1

Polar, acid

Question 2

What is phosphate

Answer 2

Non polar, acid

Question 3

What is methyl

Answer 3

Non polar, not an acid or base

Question 4

What is sulfhydryl

Answer 4

Polar, not an acid or base

Question 5

What is an amino

Answer 5

Polar, base

Question 6

What is a glycosidic linkage?

Answer 6

Covalent bond between two monosaccharides

Question 7

What is a hydroxyl

Answer 7

Polar, weak acid

Question 8

What are lipids

Answer 8

Non polar, fatty acids joined to glycerol by dehydration synthesis

Question 9

What does cis mean

Answer 9

A double bond in a chain that causes a bend

Question 10

What is a disaccharide

Answer 10

When dehydration synthesis joins 2 monosaccharides

Question 11

What are carbohydrates made up of

Answer 11

C,H and O in a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 12

What is a chiral carbon

Answer 12

A carbon atom singly bonded to 4 different groups )excludes double and triple bonds)

Question 13

What is an enantiomer

Answer 13

Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other

Question 14

What is a stereoisomer

Answer 14

Molecules with the same chemical formula and bonds, but different arrangements

Question 15

What is a structural isomer

Answer 15

Molecules with the same chemical formula, but different bonds

Question 16

What are non polar bonds

Answer 16

Uncharged atoms with equal electro negativity

Question 17

What are polar bonds

Answer 17

Atoms with an electronegativity greater than or equal to .5, but less than 1.7 (OH bonds are always polar)

Question 18

What is a monomer

Answer 18

A molecule that reacts with the same type of molecule to form a larger molecule

Question 19

What is a polymer

Answer 19

Large molecules made of many similar , but smaller molecules that are linked in a chain

Question 20

What is the difference between a low and high ph

Answer 20

A low ph has lots of hydrogen ions and a high ph has a reduced amount of hydrogen ions

Question 21

What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic

Answer 21

Hydrophobic is nonpolar(can’t react with water) and hydrophilic is polar (reacts with water)

Question 22

What kinda of bonds does the tertiary structure have

Answer 22

H bonds, ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions

Question 23

What is the quaternary structure of protein

Answer 23

Proteins combine their tertiary structure to form multiple polypeptides (not all go through this)

Question 24

What is the tertiary structure of protein

Answer 24

Establishes the 3d structure (determined by r group interactions)

Question 25

What is the secondary structure of protein

Answer 25

Amino acids form coils (alpha helix) and folds (beta helix)

Question 26

What is the primary structure of protein

Answer 26

A sequence of amino acids

Question 27

What is a peptide bond

Answer 27

Strong bond formed through dehydration synthesis that links amino acids together

Question 28

What is an amino acid

Answer 28

A central carbon is bonded to amino acid and carbonyl groups, H and a side chain (R)

Question 29

What is a phosphodiester

Answer 29

Strong covalent bonds that link nucleotides together

Question 30

What composed a nucleotide

Answer 30

A 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous based and a phosphate group

Question 31

Is the phosphate group (head) of a nucleotide hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Answer 31

Hydrophilic

Question 32

What is a carbonyl

Answer 32

Polar, acid

Question 33

What are ionic bonds

Answer 33

Atoms with an electronegativity greater than 1.7