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Bio 101 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a carbonyl?

A

Polar, acid

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2
Q

What is phosphate

A

Non polar, acid

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3
Q

What is methyl

A

Non polar, not an acid or base

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4
Q

What is sulfhydryl

A

Polar, not an acid or base

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5
Q

What is an amino

A

Polar, base

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6
Q

What is a glycosidic linkage?

A

Covalent bond between two monosaccharides

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7
Q

What is a hydroxyl

A

Polar, weak acid

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8
Q

What are lipids

A

Non polar, fatty acids joined to glycerol by dehydration synthesis

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9
Q

What does cis mean

A

A double bond in a chain that causes a bend

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10
Q

What is a disaccharide

A

When dehydration synthesis joins 2 monosaccharides

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11
Q

What are carbohydrates made up of

A

C,H and O in a 1:2:1 ratio

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12
Q

What is a chiral carbon

A

A carbon atom singly bonded to 4 different groups )excludes double and triple bonds)

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13
Q

What is an enantiomer

A

Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other

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14
Q

What is a stereoisomer

A

Molecules with the same chemical formula and bonds, but different arrangements

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15
Q

What is a structural isomer

A

Molecules with the same chemical formula, but different bonds

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16
Q

What are non polar bonds

A

Uncharged atoms with equal electro negativity

17
Q

What are polar bonds

A

Atoms with an electronegativity greater than or equal to .5, but less than 1.7 (OH bonds are always polar)

18
Q

What is a monomer

A

A molecule that reacts with the same type of molecule to form a larger molecule

19
Q

What is a polymer

A

Large molecules made of many similar , but smaller molecules that are linked in a chain

20
Q

What is the difference between a low and high ph

A

A low ph has lots of hydrogen ions and a high ph has a reduced amount of hydrogen ions

21
Q

What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic

A

Hydrophobic is nonpolar(can’t react with water) and hydrophilic is polar (reacts with water)

22
Q

What kinda of bonds does the tertiary structure have

A

H bonds, ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions

23
Q

What is the quaternary structure of protein

A

Proteins combine their tertiary structure to form multiple polypeptides (not all go through this)

24
Q

What is the tertiary structure of protein

A

Establishes the 3d structure (determined by r group interactions)

25
Q

What is the secondary structure of protein

A

Amino acids form coils (alpha helix) and folds (beta helix)

26
Q

What is the primary structure of protein

A

A sequence of amino acids

27
Q

What is a peptide bond

A

Strong bond formed through dehydration synthesis that links amino acids together

28
Q

What is an amino acid

A

A central carbon is bonded to amino acid and carbonyl groups, H and a side chain (R)

29
Q

What is a phosphodiester

A

Strong covalent bonds that link nucleotides together

30
Q

What composed a nucleotide

A

A 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous based and a phosphate group

31
Q

Is the phosphate group (head) of a nucleotide hydrophilic or hydrophobic

A

Hydrophilic

32
Q

What is a carbonyl

A

Polar, acid

33
Q

What are ionic bonds

A

Atoms with an electronegativity greater than 1.7

Bio 101 (4 decks)

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