Chapter 6 Thermodynamics Flashcards
What is significant about a phosphorylation intermediate?
Less stable than original molecule
Ready to react, but not final reaction
What is the result of phosphorylation?
A phosphorylation intermediate
How is ATP coupled to an end ergo if process
ATP transfers one of its phosphate groups to another molecule (ATP is now ADP)
What is the role of hydrolysis during energy transfer
Breaks a bond connecting the 3 phosphate groups causing one of them to break off
What is ATP
The energy currency in all cells, ribonucleotide
What is a non spontaneous reaction
Requires an input of energy, the energy inputted is absorbed
What does endergonic mean
Energy is absorbed (non spontaneous)
What does exergonic mean
Energy is released (spontaneous)
What are spontaneous reactions
Has a negative delta G
Releases energy
Doesn’t need an input of energy
What is the equation for delta G
G final - G initial
G final is the products
G initial is the reactants
What is Gibbs free energy
Helps determine if energy will be absorbed or released during chemical reactions
What is kinetic and potential energy
Kinetic: energy of motion
Potential: stored energy
What kinds of bonds result from redox reactions
Ionic bonds
What is OILRIG
Oxidation is lost, reduction is gained
What is an example of anabolism
Photosynthesis
What type of reactions are catabolism and anabolism classified as
Redox reactions
What happens during anabolism
Small molecule build up to large molecules requiring an input of energy
What happens during catabolism
Large molecules break down into smaller molecules causing a release of energy
What is an example of catabolism
Respiration
What is metabolism
A chemical process within living organisms to maintain life
What is the second law of thermodynamics
Systems tend towards disorder(entropy)
Some energy is lost during entropy
What is the first law of thermodynamics
Energy can’t be created or destroyed it can only be converted from one form to another
What do catalysts do
They speed up chemical reactions by lower the activation energy
