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Bio 101 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of ribosomes

A

Carry out protein synthesis

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2
Q

What happens in the nucleolus

A

rRNA is transcribed and ribosomes are assembled

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3
Q

What happens as cell size increases

A

Diffusion becomes more inefficient

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4
Q

What is the purpose of a cytoskeleton

A

Protein fibers support cell shape and anchor organelles

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5
Q

What does chloroplast do

A

Synthesizes glucose by capturing light’s energy through thylakoid membranes which are arranged in stacks called grana

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6
Q

What do molecular motors do

A

Move vesicles along microtubules with motor proteins kinesin and dynein

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7
Q

What defines cell shape

A

Cytoplasm

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8
Q

What makes up a prokaryotic cell

A

DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, cell wall

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9
Q

What is the structure of eukaryotic flagella

A

9+2 structure

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10
Q

What is cell crawling

A

Actin polymerization forces cell membrane forwards and myosin pulls it forwards

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11
Q

What are intermediate filaments

A

Non moving proteins

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12
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus

A

Received vesicles from ER, modifies, packages and transports molecules

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13
Q

What is the nuclear envelope

A

2 phospholipid bilayers, outer layer is continuous with ER

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14
Q

How many chromosomes does a prokaryotic cell have

A

1

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15
Q

What is the purpose of nuclear pores

A

Allows the exchange of small molecules

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16
Q

What do actin/ micro filaments do

A

Long thing polymers involved in cell movement

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17
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Creates channels and passages within the cytoplasm

18
Q

What is cristae

A

Mitochondria’s inner membrane is folded into layers

19
Q

What is the endosymbiosis theory

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts were prokaryotes until a cell ate them

20
Q

What is the cell theory

A

All organisms are composed of one or more cells
Cells come from preexisting cells
Cells are the unit of life

21
Q

What do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

A

Centrally located DNA
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane

22
Q

What is missing from a prokaryotic cell

A

Nucleus
Membrane bound organelles
Internal membrane system

23
Q

What do mitochondria and chloroplast have in common

A

Double membranes
Contain their own DNA
Independently divide

24
Q

What molecule doesn’t cross the nuclear membrane

A

DNA

25
Q

What is the plasma membrane

A

Regulates the passage of material in and out of the cell

26
Q

What is the function of a bacterium’s capsule

A

Protects the cell from being engulfed by another cell (phagocytosis)

27
Q

What is fimbriae

A

Surface appendages that allow bacterium to stick to a surface

28
Q

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesizes carbs and lipids
Performs detoxification
Has no ribosomes

29
Q

What do lysosomes do

A

Break down macromolecules
Recycle parts of old organelles

30
Q

What do plants use vacuoles for

A

Storage
Water balance

31
Q

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Studded with ribosomes
Synthesizes and modifies proteins
Manufactures membranes

32
Q

Where is calcium stored

A

SER

33
Q

What is the path of a secretory protein

A

Protein synthesis
ER
Cis golgi cisternae
Medial golgi cisternae
Trans golgi cisternae
Plasma membrane
Extra cellular space

34
Q

What are the 3 proteins in a cytoskeleton

A

Actin/ microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments

35
Q

What are plant cell walls made out of

A

Cellulose

36
Q

Which organelle carrys out cellular respiration

A

Mitochondria

37
Q

What are microtubules

A

Hollow structures that move materials within a cell

38
Q

What proteins identify cells

A

Glycolipids and MHC protein

39
Q

What happens during muscle contractions

A

Myosin motor proteins move across tracks of microfilaments

40
Q

What proteins are synthesized by bound ribosomes

A

Lysosomal enzyme
Insulin

Bio 101 (4 decks)

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