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Cardiopulm > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the widow maker of the heart

A

AIA artery

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2
Q

what is the cardiac skeleton and why is it important

A

valves are encapsulated in CT

RA can affect it

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3
Q

what happens if you have increased pulmonary pressure

A

if pulmonary pressure inc then increases workload of RV and then risk of cor pulmonale

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4
Q

cardiac temponade

A

fluid in the pericardium
911

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5
Q

whats under angle of louis

A

Pulmonary trunk, cardiac plexus
Arch of aorta
Descending aorta

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6
Q

ribs

A

1-7 true ribs, attach to sternum via costal cartilage
8-10 false ribs attach to rib above
11 & 12 are free floating

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7
Q

HF what drugs

A

severe HF - DA dopputamine
Milrinone and Inamrinone - acute

digoxin

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8
Q

what drugs improve contractility

A

digitalis - inc contractility through influx of Ca

DA and dobutamine

Milrinone and Inamrinone

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9
Q

what drugs reduce workload of the heart - contractility

A

beta blockers (1) and calcium channel blockers

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10
Q

what drug for pulm HTN

A

Milrinone and Inamrinone

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11
Q

what drug reduces workload on heart preload

A

ACE - I
aldosterone inhib

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12
Q

drugs reduce workload of heart - afterload

A

alpha 1 blockers
beta B blockers
central acting agents

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13
Q

increasing myocardial BF - drugs

A

nitrates - angina

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14
Q

maintain homeostasis drugs

A

thrombolytics
antiplatelets
anticoagulants

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15
Q

drugs on cardiac. arrhythmias

A

Class 1 drug (lidocaine): Na channel blockers
Class II Drug: Beta blockers
Class III: Prolong myocyte repolarization
Class IV: CCB

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16
Q

Statins

A

can cause myalgia and rhabdomyolysis

used for cholestrol

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17
Q

DM

A

a disease of hyperglycemia

metformin main drug

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18
Q

sulfonylureas AE

A

wt gain hypoglycemia

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19
Q

glinides

A

rapid onset - better for meals

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20
Q

LDL normal range

A

<100
less is better - leads to atheroslerosis

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21
Q

HDL

A

any less these than at risk
40 men
50 women

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22
Q

triglycerides normal
high and very high

A

<150 norm
200-500 high
>500 very high risk

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23
Q

toponin norm

A

0-3

24
Q

bilirubin what does it do

A

break down RBC

25
Q

myoglobin what does it help dx

A

MI

26
Q

ANP what does it do

A

-acts at level of kidney to regulate water and Na reabsorption
in response to atrial dilation

27
Q

BNP what does it measure

A

gold standard for measurement of HF

28
Q

CRP normal

A

<1.0
shows inflammation
CHF, CA infection

29
Q

serum creatinine norm

A

<1.5
high = dec kidney function

30
Q

echocardiogram

A

US of heart
looking for abnormal cardiac anatomy

31
Q

MRI

A

barrier = pacemaker
looks at cardiac morphology/valvular disease

32
Q

PET

A

gold standard for BF measurement and metabolic assessment of heart

33
Q

CT

A

creates cross sectional images of bones and soft tissue
more detailed

34
Q

doppler US

A

noninvasive est BF through

35
Q

CT angiography

A

CT arteries that supply heart

36
Q

cardiac calcium scan

A

cardiac CT - pics of build up of plaque

37
Q

after coronary angiography PT implications

A

mindful of bleeding
they repair partially occluded or occluded coronary artery

38
Q

synchronized electrical cardioversion

A

restores normal sinus rhythm

39
Q

cardiac ablation

A

Heat or cold to destroy cardiac tissue that are causing rapid & irregular heart beats

40
Q

balloon angioplasty

A

Deflated balloon guided to blockage -> inflated to widen lumen and increase bf to heart - > stent placed

41
Q

percutanous

A

Any medical procedure where access to inner organs or other tissues is done via needle-puncture of the skin rather than an invasive method (like a CABG)

42
Q

atherectomy

A

min invasive procedure that cuts away plaque if they cant be tx with stent

43
Q

stent

A

Percutaneous coronary intervention
Used to open narrowed arteries

44
Q

CABG

A

Graft from saphenous vein, internal mammary A, radial artery - know this when treating a pt
monitor hemodynamic stability

45
Q

pericardial window

A

Surgical procedure performed on the sac around the heart
Used to drain symptomatic pericardial effusions

46
Q

valve replacement

A

PT Implications for Replacements
Same as CABG

47
Q

pace maker

A

create artificial action potential to maintain appropriate cardiac conduction/rhythm

48
Q

implatable cardioverter defib

A

Electrical impulse generator capable of cardioversion, defib and pacing of the heart and detects arrhythmias
Implications for PT - know they have one

49
Q

AAA repair

A

Open: large abdominal incision in the abdomen to expose aorta
Endovascular aneurysm repair

50
Q

aneurysm of aorta can lead to

A

subsequent hypovolemic shock, leading to death

51
Q

AAA present as

A

LBP

52
Q

intraaortic balloon pump

A

Increases coronary perfusion
Indicated for cardiogenic shock
Balloon on a catheter → Femoral A to descending Aorta to Aorta
Deflates during ventricular systole
Inflates during ventricular diastole
bc that is when blood flows throug

53
Q

spO2

A

percentage of red bloodcells oxyenated

54
Q

hypoxia vs hypoxemia

A

hypoxemia is low O2 in blood
hypoxia is low O2 in tissue

55
Q

cholesterol to HDL ratio

A

<5

Cardiopulm (5 decks)

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