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Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define kinematic analysis?

A

no forces just describes motion

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2
Q

define kinetic analysis?

A

determines force

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3
Q

what is a rotary component?

A

perpendicular to the level at the Point of application

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4
Q

what does the rotary component create?

A

torque

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5
Q

which direction is the arrow going for a compressive force?

A

toward the joint

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6
Q

which direction is the arrow going for a tensile force?

A

away from the joint

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7
Q

What is newtons first law?

A

an object will remain at rest or in motion unless acted on

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8
Q

what is newtons second law?

A

a= F/m

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9
Q

what is newtons third law?

A

every reaction has an equal and opposite reaction

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10
Q

What is momentum?

A

quantity of motion possessed by an object

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11
Q

what is the equation for momentum?

A

P=mv

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12
Q

as angular velocity increases what happens to inertia?

A

decreases

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13
Q

where is the fulcrum related to EA and RA for a first class level?

A

in the middle

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14
Q

where is the fulcrum in relation to EA and RA for a second class lever?

A

Fulcrum–> RA–> EA

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15
Q

where is the fulcrum in relation to EA and RA for a third class lever?

A

fulcrum- EA- RA

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16
Q

what is the benefit of a second class lever?

A

favors power and is very efficient

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17
Q

what is the benefit of a third class lever?

A

favors speed and ROM but less efficient

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18
Q

what is the equation for mechanical advantage?

A

MA= EA/RA

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19
Q

list the levers in order of efficiency? Least to greatest

A

third class lever, 1st class, 2nd class

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20
Q

list the 4 types of descriptions for kinematic motion?

A

location, direction, magnitude, rate

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21
Q

is the agonist mover the effort arm or resistant arm?

A

effort arm

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22
Q

is the antagonist mover the effort arm or resistance arm?

A

resistance arm

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23
Q

where is the point of application in an open chain movement?

A

point of application is at distal attachment

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24
Q

where is the point of application in a closed chain movement?

A

point of application is at proximal attachment

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25
do rotary forces contribute or detract from torque?
contribute
26
do tensile forces contribute or detract from torque?
detract
27
do compressive forces contribute or detract from torque?
detract
28
define moment arm?
perpindicular distance from line of action to axis of rotation
29
if the clock says 6 o clock, what is the % rotary? what is the % compression/tension
100% compression
30
What are the two broad categories of arthroses?
1) Synarthroses/ Synarthrodial 2) Diarthroses/ Diarthrodial
31
What is a Synarthroses Joint?
Connections made via fibrous or cartilaginous connective tissue 1) Fibrous 2) Cartilaginous *more stable joints
32
What are examples of synarthritic fibrous joints? (3)
1) Suture -> skull 2) Gomphoses -> teeth 3)syndesmoses ->interossous membrane
33
What are the Sutures joint?
Sutures - Bone united via collagenous sutural ligament or membrane -shapes interlock or overlap -occurs only in the skull
34
What are the gomphosis joints?
-Surfaces adapted like a peg in a hole -Connected via fibrous tissue -only found in the human body between tooth and mandible or maxilla ex:teeth
35
What are the syndesmosis joint?
-Bones joined directly by an interosseous ligament or cord or aponeurotic membrane -Small amount of motion allowed -Ex: found between radius and ulna and tibia and fibula
36
What are the cartilaginous joints?
1) Symphysis Joint (secondary cartilaginous) 2) Synchondrosis joint (primary cartilaginous)
37
What is the Symphysis joint?
Secondary cartilaginous - covered by thin lamina of hyaline cartilage and directly joined by fibrocartilage in the form of disks or pads -ex: IV joint (between bodies of vertebrae) -ex: joint between the manubrium and sternal body ex: symphysis pubis of pelvis
38
What is the synchondrosis joint?
Primary cartilaginous -hyaline (articular) cartilage joins the surfaces -forms a bond at the ossifying enters -permits growth, some stability and some mobility -ex: in skull and between 1st rib and sternum (1st chondrosternal joint)
39
What is diarthroses?
Ends of bony components are free to move -no connective tissue directly attaches bone -indirectly connected by joint capsule
40
What is the synovial joint construction?
-joint capsule -joint cavity -synovial tissue lining inner capsule face -synovial fluid -hyaline cartilage
41
What are the characteristics of a joint capsule?
thin, loose, redundant, to thick and dense mobility to stability gradation
42
What are the two layer in the joint capsule?
-stratum fibrosum (outer) -Stratum synovium (inner)
43
What are the characteristics for Stratum fibrosum
fibrous capsule composed of DCT type I collagen Poorly vascularized rich in innervation
44
What are the characteristics for stratum synovium?
Synovial fluid production highly vascularized and richly innervated
45
What's the purpose of synovial fluid?
-Reduces friction between body surfaces -nourishment for the AC
46
What is synovial fluid and where is it found?
Thin Film that covers inner later of joint capsule. stratum synovium and AC
47
What does synovial fluid composed of?
Hyaluronic acid (lubricant) Lubricin (glycoprotein)
48
What is Hyaluronic acid responsible for?
-viscosity of fluid and reduction of friction
49
What is Lubricin responsible for?
Cartilage on cartilage lubrication resistant to bone on bone contact at rest
50
Which plane of movement causes the most friction?
Transverse plane movement
51
What is thixotropic property?
Semi solid -> fluid state moving the toxic tissue cleans it viscosity varies inversely with joint velocity or rate of shear
52
What is the example demonstrating? With rapid joint movement, viscosity decrease = less resistance to motion
thixotropic property with high intensity movement it creates heat in the body making the tissue more pliable and more elastic
53
What is the relationship between temperature and viscosity regarding the thixotropic property?
inversely related inc temp = dec viscosity dec temp = inc. viscosity
54
What the example of uniaxial diarthodial joints?
*one plane, 2 directions -Hinge joints -Trochoid (pivot) -ring shaped component and other component rotates in the ring
55
What is an ovoid joint?
any joint with on surface convex while the other is concave
56
How many joints make up the elbow
3 joints humeroulnar humeroradial radioulnar
57
What the example of biaxial diarthodial joints?
Condyloid joint (convex and concave) saddle joint (2 convex in 1 plane concave on the other)
58
What the example of triaxial diarthodial joints?
Plane joint -variety of surface configuration and permit gliding b/w 2 or more bone ball and socket joint -convex ball into concave socket
59
What is arthrokinematics?
movement of joint surfaces in relations to each other. loss in arthrokinematics may = loss in gross osteokinematic rom
60
Arthrokinematics Roll
Rolling ball occurs in the direction of oseteokinematic motion
61
Arthrokinematics Slide/glide
Skate on ice or intervertebral facet joint motion direction of motion dependent on joint structure ie. joint play
62
Arthrokinematics Spin
Marble spinning on table/ radius on capitulum
63
What is the concave on convex rule?
Roll and glide are moving in the same direction
64
What is the convex on concave rule?
Roll and glide occur in opposite directions prevent subluxation ex:
65
What is the arthrokinematics for open chain elbow flexion? Convex distal Concave proximal
Roll: anterior Glide: Anterior
66
What is the arthrokinematics for closed chain elbow flexion? Convex distal Concave proximal
Roll: anterior Glide: posterior
67
What aspect of arthrokinematics is dependent on open and closed chain movement.
Glide
68
What aspect of arthrokinematics is not dependent on open and closed chain movement.
Roll
69
Where do you look for a closed chain movement to assess arthrokinematics?
Look proximal
70
Wolf's law
Stimulus of the tissues responds to the load applied
71
What is the concavity of C1?
Superior facets concave inferior facets convex
72
What is the concavity of C2?
Superior facets Convex inferior facets convex
73
What is the concavity of the occipital condyles?
Convex
74
Requirments for summation of joint torques?
Timely addition of joint torques Max torque produced at each joint
75
Definition of a moment arm?
perpindicular distance from LOA to axis of rotation
76
Definition of a rotary component?
pepindicular force to lever at point of application
77
what types of kinetic forces are external?
Gravity, friction, wind

PT Kines (4 decks)

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