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PT Kines > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define kinematic analysis?

A

no forces just describes motion

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2
Q

define kinetic analysis?

A

determines force

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3
Q

what is a rotary component?

A

perpendicular to the level at the Point of application

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4
Q

what does the rotary component create?

A

torque

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5
Q

which direction is the arrow going for a compressive force?

A

toward the joint

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6
Q

which direction is the arrow going for a tensile force?

A

away from the joint

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7
Q

What is newtons first law?

A

an object will remain at rest or in motion unless acted on

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8
Q

what is newtons second law?

A

a= F/m

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9
Q

what is newtons third law?

A

every reaction has an equal and opposite reaction

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10
Q

What is momentum?

A

quantity of motion possessed by an object

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11
Q

what is the equation for momentum?

A

P=mv

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12
Q

as angular velocity increases what happens to inertia?

A

decreases

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13
Q

where is the fulcrum related to EA and RA for a first class level?

A

in the middle

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14
Q

where is the fulcrum in relation to EA and RA for a second class lever?

A

Fulcrum–> RA–> EA

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15
Q

where is the fulcrum in relation to EA and RA for a third class lever?

A

fulcrum- EA- RA

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16
Q

what is the benefit of a second class lever?

A

favors power and is very efficient

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17
Q

what is the benefit of a third class lever?

A

favors speed and ROM but less efficient

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18
Q

what is the equation for mechanical advantage?

A

MA= EA/RA

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19
Q

list the levers in order of efficiency? Least to greatest

A

third class lever, 1st class, 2nd class

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20
Q

list the 4 types of descriptions for kinematic motion?

A

location, direction, magnitude, rate

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21
Q

is the agonist mover the effort arm or resistant arm?

A

effort arm

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22
Q

is the antagonist mover the effort arm or resistance arm?

A

resistance arm

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23
Q

where is the point of application in an open chain movement?

A

point of application is at distal attachment

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24
Q

where is the point of application in a closed chain movement?

A

point of application is at proximal attachment

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25
Q

do rotary forces contribute or detract from torque?

A

contribute

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26
Q

do tensile forces contribute or detract from torque?

A

detract

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27
Q

do compressive forces contribute or detract from torque?

A

detract

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28
Q

define moment arm?

A

perpindicular distance from line of action to axis of rotation

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29
Q

if the clock says 6 o clock, what is the % rotary? what is the % compression/tension

A

100% compression

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30
Q

What are the two broad categories of arthroses?

A

1) Synarthroses/ Synarthrodial
2) Diarthroses/ Diarthrodial

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31
Q

What is a Synarthroses Joint?

A

Connections made via fibrous or cartilaginous connective tissue

1) Fibrous
2) Cartilaginous

*more stable joints

32
Q

What are examples of synarthritic fibrous joints? (3)

A

1) Suture -> skull
2) Gomphoses -> teeth
3)syndesmoses ->interossous membrane

33
Q

What are the Sutures joint?

A

Sutures
- Bone united via collagenous sutural ligament or membrane
-shapes interlock or overlap
-occurs only in the skull

34
Q

What are the gomphosis joints?

A

-Surfaces adapted like a peg in a hole
-Connected via fibrous tissue
-only found in the human body between tooth and mandible or maxilla

ex:teeth

35
Q

What are the syndesmosis joint?

A

-Bones joined directly by an interosseous ligament or cord or aponeurotic membrane
-Small amount of motion allowed
-Ex: found between radius and ulna and tibia and fibula

36
Q

What are the cartilaginous joints?

A

1) Symphysis Joint (secondary cartilaginous)
2) Synchondrosis joint (primary cartilaginous)

37
Q

What is the Symphysis joint?

A

Secondary cartilaginous
- covered by thin lamina of hyaline cartilage and directly joined by fibrocartilage in the form of disks or pads

-ex: IV joint (between bodies of vertebrae)
-ex: joint between the manubrium and sternal body
ex: symphysis pubis of pelvis

38
Q

What is the synchondrosis joint?

A

Primary cartilaginous
-hyaline (articular) cartilage joins the surfaces
-forms a bond at the ossifying enters
-permits growth, some stability and some mobility
-ex: in skull and between 1st rib and sternum (1st chondrosternal joint)

39
Q

What is diarthroses?

A

Ends of bony components are free to move
-no connective tissue directly attaches bone
-indirectly connected by joint capsule

40
Q

What is the synovial joint construction?

A

-joint capsule
-joint cavity
-synovial tissue lining inner capsule face
-synovial fluid
-hyaline cartilage

41
Q

What are the characteristics of a joint capsule?

A

thin, loose, redundant, to thick and dense
mobility to stability gradation

42
Q

What are the two layer in the joint capsule?

A

-stratum fibrosum (outer)
-Stratum synovium (inner)

43
Q

What are the characteristics for Stratum fibrosum

A

fibrous capsule composed of DCT
type I collagen
Poorly vascularized rich in innervation

44
Q

What are the characteristics for stratum synovium?

A

Synovial fluid production
highly vascularized and richly innervated

45
Q

What’s the purpose of synovial fluid?

A

-Reduces friction between body surfaces
-nourishment for the AC

46
Q

What is synovial fluid and where is it found?

A

Thin Film that covers inner later of joint capsule.
stratum synovium and AC

47
Q

What does synovial fluid composed of?

A

Hyaluronic acid (lubricant)
Lubricin (glycoprotein)

48
Q

What is Hyaluronic acid responsible for?

A

-viscosity of fluid and reduction of friction

49
Q

What is Lubricin responsible for?

A

Cartilage on cartilage lubrication
resistant to bone on bone contact at rest

50
Q

Which plane of movement causes the most friction?

A

Transverse plane movement

51
Q

What is thixotropic property?

A

Semi solid -> fluid state
moving the toxic tissue cleans it

viscosity varies inversely with joint velocity or rate of shear

52
Q

What is the example demonstrating?
With rapid joint movement, viscosity decrease = less resistance to motion

A

thixotropic property

with high intensity movement it creates heat in the body making the tissue more pliable and more elastic

53
Q

What is the relationship between temperature and viscosity regarding the thixotropic property?

A

inversely related
inc temp = dec viscosity
dec temp = inc. viscosity

54
Q

What the example of uniaxial diarthodial joints?

A

*one plane, 2 directions
-Hinge joints
-Trochoid (pivot)
-ring shaped component and other component rotates in the ring

55
Q

What is an ovoid joint?

A

any joint with on surface convex while the other is concave

56
Q

How many joints make up the elbow

A

3 joints
humeroulnar
humeroradial
radioulnar

57
Q

What the example of biaxial diarthodial joints?

A

Condyloid joint (convex and concave)
saddle joint (2 convex in 1 plane concave on the other)

58
Q

What the example of triaxial diarthodial joints?

A

Plane joint
-variety of surface configuration and permit gliding b/w 2 or more bone
ball and socket joint
-convex ball into concave socket

59
Q

What is arthrokinematics?

A

movement of joint surfaces in relations to each other.

loss in arthrokinematics may = loss in gross osteokinematic rom

60
Q

Arthrokinematics Roll

A

Rolling ball occurs in the direction of oseteokinematic motion

61
Q

Arthrokinematics Slide/glide

A

Skate on ice or intervertebral facet joint motion
direction of motion dependent on joint structure

ie. joint play

62
Q

Arthrokinematics Spin

A

Marble spinning on table/ radius on capitulum

63
Q

What is the concave on convex rule?

A

Roll and glide are moving in the same direction

64
Q

What is the convex on concave rule?

A

Roll and glide occur in opposite directions

prevent subluxation
ex:

65
Q

What is the arthrokinematics for open chain elbow flexion?

Convex distal
Concave proximal

A

Roll: anterior
Glide: Anterior

66
Q

What is the arthrokinematics for closed chain elbow flexion?

Convex distal
Concave proximal

A

Roll: anterior
Glide: posterior

67
Q

What aspect of arthrokinematics is dependent on open and closed chain movement.

A

Glide

68
Q

What aspect of arthrokinematics is not dependent on open and closed chain movement.

A

Roll

69
Q

Where do you look for a closed chain movement to assess arthrokinematics?

A

Look proximal

70
Q

Wolf’s law

A

Stimulus of the tissues responds to the load applied

71
Q

What is the concavity of C1?

A

Superior facets concave
inferior facets convex

72
Q

What is the concavity of C2?

A

Superior facets Convex
inferior facets convex

73
Q

What is the concavity of the occipital condyles?

A

Convex

74
Q

Requirments for summation of joint torques?

A

Timely addition of joint torques
Max torque produced at each joint

75
Q

Definition of a moment arm?

A

perpindicular distance from LOA to axis of rotation

76
Q

Definition of a rotary component?

A

pepindicular force to lever at point of application

77
Q

what types of kinetic forces are external?

A

Gravity, friction, wind

PT Kines (4 decks)

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