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Human Communications > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Herbert Mead

A
  • Develop personal identities through interacting with others
  • others’ messages form foundation of self-concepts
  • learn who you are and how you are perceived through mass communication
  • looking-glass self
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2
Q

Content level of meaning

A

literal message

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3
Q

Pathos

A

appeal to emotion

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4
Q

logos

A

appeal to logic

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5
Q

ethos

A

credibility of speaker

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6
Q

Foucalt

A

power comes from controlling knowledge

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7
Q

textual analysis

A

interpretation of symbolic activities

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8
Q

rhetorical criticism

A

process of examining a text to see how it works communicatively

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9
Q

mediated communication

A

technology influences how you think and work

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10
Q

constructivism

A

organize and interpret experience by applying cognitive structures

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11
Q

cognitive schemata

A

4 mental structures people use to organize and interpret experience

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12
Q

Stereotype

A
  • Cognitive Schemata
  • predictive generalization about a person or situation based on the category we place something in and how it measures up against personal constructs, we predict what it will do
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13
Q

Scripts

A
  • cognitive schemata
  • sequence of activities that spell out how we are expected to act
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14
Q

Self-serving Bias

A
  • tend to construct attributions that serve our personal interests
  • attribute positive actions to internal and stable factors
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15
Q

positive visualization

A
  • technique used to enhance success by teaching people to visualize themselves positively
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16
Q

empathy

A

ability to feel with another person

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17
Q

culture

A

beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people

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18
Q

language is ARBITRARY

A

verbal symbols are not intrinsically connected to what they represent

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19
Q

language is ABSTRACT

A

words stand for ideas and things, but they are not the same as those ideas and things

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20
Q

institutional facts

A

meanings of brute facts based on human interpretation

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21
Q

communicative rules

A

shared understandings among members of culture of social group about what communication means and what behaviors are appropriate

22
Q

loaded language

A

words that slant perceptions and meaning
- EX: “geezer” = pity older people
“senior citizen” = respect older people

23
Q

nonverbal communication

A

makes up 65-93% of all communication

24
Q

1 principle of nonverbal communication

A

nonverbal communication is ambiguous

25
Q

1 principle of nonverbal communication

A

nonverbal behavior interacts with verbal

26
Q

1 principle of nonverbal communication

A

nonverbal communication establishes relationships

27
Q

1 principle of nonverbal communication

A

nonverbal communication reflects cultural values

28
Q

constitutive rules

A

what certain behaviors are understood to count as

29
Q

regulative rules

A

when and where certain behaviors are appropriate or not

30
Q

olifactics

A
  • type of nonverbal behavior
  • perception of odors and scents
31
Q

communication

A

systemic process in which people interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings

32
Q

systems

A

parts of communications are interrelated and affect one another

33
Q

openness

A

extent to which a system affects and is affected by outside factors and processes

34
Q

relationship level of meaning

A

expresses the relationship between communicators

35
Q

Linear Model

A
  • Harold Laswell
  • one person acts on another person
  • straight forward from sender to receiver
36
Q

noise

A

anything that distorts, interferes with, or slows down the transmission of information

37
Q

interactive model

A
  • Wilbur Schramm
  • communicators create and interpret messages within personal fields of experience
38
Q

Quantitative Research

A

surveys

39
Q

Qualitative Research

A

nonnumerical knowledge

40
Q

Perception

A
  • active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting people
  • shapes understanding of others’ communications and choices we make in our own communications
41
Q

Selection

A
  • choose what to notice
  • notice things that stand out
42
Q

Prototypes

A
  • cognitive schemata
  • knowledge structures that define the clearest or ideal examples of some category
43
Q

Personal Constructs

A
  • cognitive schemata
  • mental yardstick that allows us to measure a person or situation along a bipolar dimension of judgement
  • EX: fun OR not-fun; intelligent OR not-intelligent
44
Q

brute facts

A

objective, concrete phenomena

45
Q

punctuation

A

way to mark a flow of activity into meaningful units

46
Q

totalizing

A

responding to a person as if one label totally represents that person

47
Q

responsiveness

A
  • first dimension of relationship level meaning
  • eye contact, inflections, facial expressions, posture
48
Q

liking

A
  • second dimension of relationship level meaning
  • indicate whether we feel positive or negative about things
49
Q

power

A
  • third dimension of relationship level meaning
  • define dominance and negotiate status and influence
50
Q

kinesics

A
  • type of nonverbal behavior
  • body position and motions
  • includes facial
51
Q

haptics

A
  • type of nonverbal behavior
  • physical touch
52
Q

1 principle of nonverbal communication

A

nonverbal communication regulates interaction

Human Communications (3 decks)

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