Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Nabal is the Hebrew word for
A
fool
2
Q
The Fall of Samaria date
A
722/721 BCE
3
Q
Judah Alone Date
A
722/21-587/6
4
Q
Fall of Jerusalem Date
A
587/586
5
Q
The Fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Second Temple Date
A
70 CE
6
Q
The ___ are able to capture the Arc of the Covenant and it brought them bad luck instead of good luck so they brought it back
A
The Philistines
7
Q
___ was destroyed by the Philistines
A
Shiloh
8
Q
Chief Priest at Shiloh is named
A
Eli
9
Q
Samuel’s mother who was childless and prayed for a baby
A
Hannah
10
Q
The Four Evils of Kingship
A
- Draft: the king will impose a draft (think of the Vietnam draft) but in this case, everyone will be up for the draft men and women for both war and something else
- Confiscation of Property: if its of value the king will take it
- Tax of 10% → this doesn’t mean 10% because that’s how much people owed God and the King will want at least as much as God
- Slavery: if you are under a king you will think you are back in Egypt and this time when they call out to God to free them he won’t do it
11
Q
Saul
A
the first monarch of the United Kingdom of Israel
From Benjamin: this is good cause its the least powerful tribe so no tribe is overpowered
ruled for 20 years but he was a failure
Unable to defeat the Philistines
as soon as he becomes king he alienates Samuel and forfeits his religious backing
12
Q
Selection of (name of person) ___ as Saul’s Successor
A
David (David and Goliath)
-Privately anointed by Samuel
13
Q
David in Saul’s Court
A
- Personal Musician: Saul had migraines or something so David would play him music to sort of help with the demons
- Armor bearer
14
Q
David in Saul’s Family
A
- Jonathan is Saul’s son and he and David are best friends
- Michal is Saul’s daughter and he wants David to marry her
- Saul asked him what do you want as a marriage gift and David said 100 philistine foreskins
15
Q
Jonathan
A
Saul’s son and he and David are best friends
16
Q
Michal
A
Michal is Saul’s daughter and he wants David to marry her
17
Q
When Saul tries to kill David where does David go?
A
Nob: Village of Priests
18
Q
Abiathar
A
After David goes to Nob: Village of Priests, Saul sees these Priests who helped David as traitors and has someone in his army slaughter 85 priests → only one survivor called Abiathar
19
Q
After Saul kills the priests David takes his family and his men where
A
David gets his family out and takes them to Moab
David and his men go into Philistine territory
20
Q
Why Saul was afraid of David
A
because Yaweh was with him and not with Saul
21
Q
Saul commits suicide when he is defeated in battle and doesn’t want to be captured by ___
A
Philistines
22
Q
David’s Philistine connection:
A
- Although he works for a Philistine king, he doesn’t attack fellow Israelites → he attacks other people (Canaanites) and lies to the king that he’s killing Israelites
- the only way he can get away with this is by wiping out entire cities so there are no survivors to contradict his story
23
Q
The Story of Nabal
A
Nabal refuses to pay for protection and when David hears this he tells him, men, to grab their swords to kill him
-Abigail (Nabal’s wife) gets a huge bribe and goes to David and says my husband is a fool. Blame me if you must and please accept this gift as a token of our gratitude
–When Abigail tells Nabal what she has done and how much money she gave him, Nabal has a stroke and dies
-David marries Abigail a wealthy, newly widowed woman
24
Q
Abigail
A
First is Nabal’s wife, saves her husband, he dies
David marries Abigail a wealthy, newly widowed woman
25
2 people to know in the Civil War in the North
Ishbosheth is the second monarch of the Kingdom of Israel who succeeded his father Saul
General: Abner
26
Ishbosheth
is the second monarch of the Kingdom of Israel who succeeded his father Saul (North)
27
Abner
General for the north during the Civil war and the cousin of King Saul
28
2 people to know in South during the civil war
David is the king of Judah
| General: Joab
29
Joab
General in the south during the civil war and nephew of King David
30
Solomon
wealthy and wise monarch of the United Kingdom of Israel who succeeded his father, David
31
In Ethiopia, their kings leading down from the Queen of Sheba were known as
the lion of Jerusalem
32
Harem
domestic spaces that are reserved for the women of the house in a Muslim family. A harem may house a man's wife or wives, their pre-pubescent male children, unmarried daughters, female domestic servants, and other unmarried females
33
David had how many kids
19 sons and 1 daughter
34
David did not build the temple for the ark of the covenant for two reasons
- Deuteronomic History: David was too busy fighting to build (military campaigns)
- Chronicler: agrees that he fought a lot but their reason is that David had too much blood on his hands to build this temple
35
Solomon has 2 problems before he begins building the temple
Lack of lumbar: Israel doesn’t have any lumber
| Lack of skilled craftsman
36
Hiram of ___
Tyre
37
Solomon’s 2 Hirams
```
Hiram the (Phoenician) architect
Hiram the King: the one he made a deal with
```
38
4 Major Developments that make Solomon a tyrant
1. taxes+administration: despite all the money coming in Solomon couldn’t pay Hiram so he (I think the prof said something about giving him a river or something as payment so google that)
2. Priesthood: Zadok’s reward for having backed Solomon is that people need to be in Zadok’s lineage in order to be a priest
3. Zion (Jerusalemite) Theology: Zion is a hill in Jerusalem but can be used as a synonym for Jerusalem as a whole
-Joint Elections
1 Zion is God’s City
2 House of David
4. Religious and Cultural Policy: lots of immigrants come into his city a side effect of all of Solomon’s marriages--> Toleration: Solomon makes a policy similar to America. He allows everyone to practice what they want but he also builds religious structures for their own religion and sometimes joins them there
-Verdict: Apostate
-Zion theology decides that he has abandoned the true faith
39
Rehoboam
Solomon’s son. Jeroboam asks him to not treat the people like his father did, he decides to work them harder, and Jeroboam leads a revolt
40
Jeroboam
the first king of the northern Kingdom of Israel. The Hebrew Bible describes the reign of Jeroboam to have commenced following a revolt of the ten northern Israelite tribes against Rehoboam that put an end to the United Monarchy
41
Israel (Ephraim)=
10 Northern (Kingdom technically but is considered tribe) Tribes
- Jeroboam
- Samaria
42
Judah=
Southern Kingdom
- Rehoboam
- Jerusalem
43
Elijah
(Prophet) → opponent of the king
went up against Jezebel in the alter fight and won (sorta)
Elijah doesn’t die but is taken up to heaven in a chariot
-before he goes he names his successor named Elisha
44
Jezebel
wife of Ahab, King of Israel. Jezebel, along with her husband, instituted the worship of Baal and Asherah on a national scale
45
Commander and Elisha launch a religious revolution against Jezebel
and Jezebel loses
| Elisha is Elijah successor
46
first international power in this part of the world is
Assyria
47
Assyria wants to take out Egypt and geographically between Assyria and Egypt are (3)
- Syria
- Israel
- Judah
48
Who doesn't join Assyria’s army against Egypt
Judah
49
Syro-Ephraimite War
- Syria, and Israel decides to kill the king and take the army so Judah decides to align itself with Assyria
- they go to war and Syria falls
50
the deportation of the northern tribes is known as
the 10 Lost Tribes of Israel
51
Hezekiah
king of Judah. Hezekiah witnessed the destruction of the northern Kingdom of Israel by Sargon's Assyrians
52
Isaiah is ___'s prophet
Hezekiah
53
Revolt of Ashdod
- Isaiah thinks this is a bad idea so for three years Isaiah walks around Jerusalem naked and barefoot with only a jockstrap → symbolic of what you would look like if you were a prisoner of war
- his point is proven and Hezekiah doesn’t do it
54
Revolt against Assyria
- Assyrian King boasts that he has Isaiah trapped in Jerusalem like a bird in a cage→ Isaiah’s response is do not surrender Yahweh will not let this city fall
- again, Hezekiah listens to him
55
2 types of Divine Promises
Unconditional (the rainbow after the flood)
| Conditional
56
Amos
Prophet. He was from the southern Kingdom of Judah but preached in the northern Kingdom of Israel.
He goes from south to north to fix the problems of Economic Disparity and social injustice
57
Manasseh
king of the southern kingdom, Judah, was the son of one of Judah's few good kings, Hezekiah. Despite his relation to God-honoring Hezekiah, Manasseh "did what was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to the despicable practices of the nations whom the LORD drove out before the people of Israel"
58
Josiah
became king at 8 years old
-His grandfather is Manasseh
king of Judah who instituted major religious reforms by removing official worship of gods other than Yahweh.
-he launches what scholars call a Deuteronomic Reformation
-the reason why he gets away with this Reformation is because of timing because Assyria was distracted
59
Nineveh
the capital of Assyria and it is ransacked by Babylon
60
Nahum
a prophet talking about the ransacking of Nineveh by Babylon and is happy that Assyria is getting their comeuppance
61
Jeremiah
Prophet: he takes a wooden oak (it goes on the shoulders of an ox) and walks around similar to the guy that walked around naked → he doesn’t want Jerusalem to revolt against Babylon
-some guy breaks it and he gets an Iron oak
they don’t take Jeremiah’s advice and Jerusalem revolts
Jerusalem falls
62
Two there were two basic reactions to the exhile
1 Grief and anger
-Lamentations: talks about the fall of Jerusalem almost like its a funeral
-Psalm 137
-Edom→ descendants of Esau (they were brothers) and they had a mutual defense treaty between Judah and Edom but when Judah gets attacked Edom aligns themselves with the Babylonians and help ransack the city
2 Hope for Restoration
-Ezekiel is one of the prophets of hope
-Second Isaiah: an anonymous prophet so that's why they call him second Isaiah who appears in Chapters 40-55 of the book of Isaiah
63
Edom
→ descendants of Esau who is Jacobs brother
64
Ezekiel
Prophet: talks about the destruction of Jerusalem, and the restoration to the land of Israel. The name Ezekiel means "God is strong" or "God strengthens"
65
Two Cheif Concerns about the Exilic Period (deportation of the south from Jerusalem)
1. Preservation of Pre-Exile Traditions
- Formation of Scripture: they begin to write down oral traditions and other things
- Scribes=Rabbis who read, teach, and interpret
2. Preservation and Perpetuation of their religious and ethnic identity
- emphasis on what makes them different
66
Scribes=
Rabbis who read, teach, and interpret
67
Four things in particular that they emphasized in order to Preserve and Perpetuate their religious and ethnic identity
1. Sabbath: observance of the Sabbath is more emphasized in the past as opposed to now because we have a 5 day work week and a weekend whereas they had a seven day work week
2. Circumcision: they got theirs at puberty or right before marriage
3. Dietary Restrictions: you can only eat animals that eat grass you can’t eat animals that kill other animals→ there are more rules and its more complicated than that but whatever the prof said it's just a generalization
4. Endogamy: marriage within the group→ I want to marry your daughter? Oh, I can’t? I’m not good enough for her fuck you or oh you didn’t come into work on the Sabbath you must be lazy
68
Endogamy
to keep marriage within the group
69
Cyrus the Great
Preservation+Perpetuation of their religious and ethnic identity leads to anti-jewish slanders which leads to Jewish apologetics
- this leads to Cyrus the Great
- Cyrus the Great he defeats the Babylonians and nullifies the deportation rule which allows everyone to come home
70
Diaspora
means dispersion/scattering
71
The Persian Period (539-332 BCE)
1. Restoration: those who leave Babylon and return to the holy land
2. Diaspora (means dispersion/scattering): Jews who don’t go back to the Holy land either stay there or go to Persia or whatever
3. Second Temple: worship resumes in Jerusalem on the sight of the previous temple (Solomon's temple)→ this second temple is built by refugees so it isn’t grand
72
Two Key People during the Persian Period
1 Ezra: the father of modern Judaism
| 2 Nehemiah: thinks militarily and rebuilds the walls torn down by the Babylonians giving the city security
73
Ezra
the father of modern Judaism
74
Nehemiah
thinks militarily and rebuilds the walls torn down by the Babylonians giving the city security during the Persian period
75
Five Key Developments during the Persian Period (539-332 BCE)
1. Language
2. Government
3. New Literature
4. Theology
5. Worship
76
First Key Developments (Language) during the Persian Period (539-332 BCE)
Hebrew remains the language of scholarship and of worship but Aramaic becomes the language of everyday life
77
Second Key Developments (Government) during the Persian Period (539-332 BCE)
- Pre Exile: Monarchy→ ended with a king
| - Post Exile: Theocracy→ ruled by God and religious powers meaning ruled by High Priests
78
Third Key Developments (New Literature) during the Persian Period (539-332 BCE)
- Deuterocanonical (Apocrypha): for example, this has a work called The Wisdom of Solomon which is in the bible
- Pseudepigrapha: the false writings: Psalms of Solomon he didn’t write these that's why its called this meaning false name
79
Fourth Third Key Developments (Theology) during the Persian Period (539-332 BCE)
- Polytheism: the belief and worship of many Gods
- Monotheism: the belief and worship of one God
- Henotheism/Monolatry: the belief of many Gods but worship of only one
- Pre Exile: Henotheism
- Post Exile: Monotheism
80
Henotheism/Monolatry
the belief of many Gods but worship of only one
81
Fifth Third Key Developments (Worship) during the Persian Period (539-332 BCE)
Temple:
- “The Holy Place” only priest get to go in there but a deeper part is called “The Holy of Holies” (in Solomon's temple this is where the arc of the covenant was kept→ only the high priest can enter and only one time a year)
- Yom Kippur: Day of Atonement or the one day that the high priest can enter that place “The Holy of Holies”
- Jewish men can get close, Jewish women can’t get as close as men and non-Jewish people can’t come near it
- Synagogue:
- no sacrifices in the synagogue
- it its a place of prayer and scripture reading
- instead of being a priestly institution it is a lay institution
82
Yom Kippur
Day of Atonement
| or the one day that the high priest can enter that place “The Holy of Holies”
83
Alexander the Great conquers ___
the Persians
84
Hellenization
the spread of greek culture and ideas and it combines east ideas→ Miami is an example of Latinization
-Jewish Hellenizers: people who wanted to adapt as much greek culture as it benefits the Jewish people
85
Hasidim
those who oppose any greek cultures
86
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Greek Hellenistic king
- Jerusalem now gets a new name its called Antioch
- they sacrifice a pig on the alter (pigs are unclean in Jewish religion) and it ruins the alter
87
Judas the Maccabee
a Jewish priest and a son of the priest Mattathias. He led the Maccabean Revolt
- a revolution is launched and Jerusalem is captured and the little alter that defiled the large one is taken down and a Jewish festival is thrown to celebrate religious freedom
- This is called Hanukkah → it celebrates a military win of religious freedom
- Judas the Maccabee doesn’t live long but his family continues to lead
88
3 Key Developments happen during the Maccabean Period (167-63 BCE)
1. Political Independence: Jews no longer have to pay tribute to a foreign power
2. Geographical Expansion: it's crowded they need more land so they start expanding to accommodate this and they go into Samaria (where Samaritans live) Samaritans are kinda half Jewish half foreign they worship Yahweh they have their own version of the Torah but they have a temple located at a place called Mt. Gerizim→ the Jews go up and destroy it
- Idumea: forced conversion they become Jewish so that they won't be killed
3. The Rise of Religious Factionalism: parties and groups are both religious and political in Judaism there is no separation of church and state
89
Idumea
=Edom
90
Sadducees
they are proMaccabean, conservatives and their chief opponents are and support the Jewish high priest
91
Pharisees
they are antiMaccabean and they are the liberals
92
Essenes
they are also antiMaccabean but many of them are apocalyptic in their worldview→ they think in two ages “this age” and “the age to come” so the closer we get to the age to come the worse it gets but the worse things are the closer we are to the coming age
93
Dead Sea Scrolls fall into two major categories
1 Scripture
2 Sectarian Writings→ ex the war scroll: battle between children of darkness (everyone else) and children of light (Essians) the children of light win
94
Herod the Great
- Pompey looks for someone to entrust the political power to and he is then declared by the Roman senate king of the Jews
- he is religious Jewish but not ethnically. He is Essian (basically an Arab King of the jews)
- he was so worried about a coup or revolution that he had two of his sons killed
- expanded and beautified the Second Temple (this is the one that the Jewish refugees remade after Solomon's was destroyed)
95
First Roman Jewish War
- Galilee
- Zealots: they wanted to be free from Roman rule but their plans were horrible and they were up against an infamous Roman leader Nero
- leads to the fall of Jerusalem and destruction of second temple
96
Vespasian
Jerusalem was under siege and then Nero dies and Vespasian realizes that he has a chance at becoming ruler so he leaves his son Titus to stay there and he returns and becomes the ruler
-He tells Titus to bring down the city and the Zealots make their home in the second temple→ it acts like a fortress and thats why Titus attacks the temple (not out of spite like the Babylonians) and as they go, after them they destroy the temple
97
Arch of Titus
honorific arch for the victory of Titus together with their father, Vespasian, over the Jewish rebellion in Judaea
-Masada is under siege for a few years before the Romans are successful in getting it and the survivors decided to commit suicide instead of being under the Romans
