Exam 1 Flashcards
Based on followers’ identification and liking of the leader. (Personal power)
Referent Power
Based on followers’ perception of the leader’s competence. (Personal power)
Expert Power
Associated with having status or formal job authority. Based on position and mutual agreement. (Positional power)
Legitimate Power
Derived from having the capacity to provide rewards to others. (Positional power)
Reward Power
Derived from having the capacity to penalize or punish others. (Positional power)
Coercive Power
Derived from possessing knowledge that others want or need. (Positional power)
Informative Power
Derives from a particular office or rank in a formal organization.
Position Power
The influence capacity a leader derives from being seen by followers as likable and knowledgeable.
Personal power
A person with power who plans, organizes, staffs, controls.
Management
A person with power who motivates movement, change, improvement.
Leadership
Trait Approaches theorize that…
Leaders are born.
Behavior Style Approaches theorize that…
Leaders are made.
Contingency and Situational Approaches theorize that…
Leaders appear in different situations (depending on context).
What are two examples of Trait Theories?
- “Great Man” Theory
2. Psychodynamic Approach
What are 4 examples of Behavioral Theories?
- Lewin Studies
- Ohio State studies
- Michigan Studies
- The Leadership Grid
What are 3 examples of Contingency and Situational Theories?
- Fiedler’s Theory
- Hersey and Blanchard
- Path-goal Theory
What are the 5 traits that appear most frequently from leaders?
- Intelligence
- Self-Confidence
- Determination
- Integrity
- Sociability
Stogdill’s definition of a leader included…
A relationship between people in a social situation.
Mann’s definition of a leader included…
Less emphasis on social, personality traits is more of a decider.
Lord, Devader, and Alliger definition of a leader included…
Personality traits that could be used to differentiate leaders and non-leaders.
Kirkpatrik and Lock’s definition of a leader included…
6 traits make up the “right stuff” for leaders.
(Leadership style) The leader uses strong, directive, controlling all actions. Followers have little influence.
Autocratic (Authoritative)
(Leadership style) The leader takes collaborative, reciprocal, interactive actions with followers. Followers have a high degree of influence.
Democratic (Participative)
(Leadership style) The leader fails to accept the responsibilities of the position; creating chaos in the work environment.
Laissez-Faire (Delegative)
Leader behavior aimed at defining and organizing work relationships and roles; establishes organization, communication, and task completion. (Task Behavior)
Initiating Structure
Leader behavior aimed at nurturing friendly, warm working relationships, as well as encouraging mutual trust. (Relationship Behavior)
Consideration
Studies that identified the number of times leaders engaged in specific behaviors.; 150 questions. (LBDQ)
Ohio State Studies
Studies include specific emphasis on the impact of leadership behavior on the performance of small groups.
Michigan Studies
Which orientation stresses the technical aspects of a job?
Production orientation
Which orientation stresses strong human relations?
Employee orientation
Used to assess personality for individuals.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. (MBTI)
What are the 5 parts of the Big Five Model?
- Openness
- Conscientiousness
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
How many personalities types are there for Myers-Briggs?
16 personalities
Research shows a preference for leaders who are…?
TJ: Thinker-Judges
69.9 - 85% of those surveyed voted
Strongest to weakest factors in terms of strength (Big Five Model)
- Extraversion
- Conscientiousness
- Neuroticism
- Openness
- Agreeableness
What are the 3 other important traits relevant to leadership?
- Locus of Control
- Self-efficacy
- Tolerance for ambiguity
(Tolerance of ambiguity dimensions) Coping with new, unfamiliar situations.
Novelty
(Tolerance of ambiguity dimensions) Using multiple, distinctive, or unrelated info.
Complexity
(Tolerance of ambiguity dimensions) Dealing with problems that are difficult to solve.
Insolubility
___ types tend to be the best descriptors of the stereotype of an effective manager.
Thinking (T)
Describes how leaders can motivate their followers to achieve group and organizational goals. LEADERS-MATCH : match leaders to appropriate situations.
Contingency Approach
A leader who invites subordinates to share in the decision-making. (Path-goal)
Participate Leadership
A leader who challenges subordinates to perform work at the highest level possible. (Path-goal)
Achievement-oriented Leadership
What are the 4 parts of the Path-goal theory matrix?
- Directive
- Supportive
- Participate
- Achievement-oriented
A leader who gives subordinates task instruction. (Path-goal)
Directive Leadership
A leader who is friendly and approachable. (Path-goal)
Supportive Leadership
A leadership style that can be changed by looking at the development of the followers. (Hersey and Blanchard)
Situational Leadership
Behavior that helps group members in goal achievement via one-way communication.
Directive Behavior
Behavior that assists group members via two-way communication in feeling comfortable with themselves, co-workers, and situations.
Supportive Behavior
Hersey and Blanchard’s 4 leadership styles.
- Directing Style
- Coaching Style
- Supporting Style
- Delegating Style
Describe the development levels for Followers.
Development levels are ranked from D1 to D4. D4 is the best with the highest competence and commitment. D1 is the lowest with the lowest competence.
What are the 2 tasks that leaders have?
- Diagnose the situation
2. Adapt leadership style
What are the 3 key points of Fiedler’s Contingency Theory?
- Leader-member Relations
- Task Structure
- Position power
What are the 2 leader styles for Fiedler’s Contingency theory?
- Task-oriented
2. Relationship-oriented
Based on least preferred coworker (LPC), which type of worker is relationship-oriented?
High type
Based on least preferred coworker (LPC), which type of worker is task-oriented?
Low type
