EXAM 1 Flashcards
social psychology
scientifically study how affect, behaviors, and cognitions are affected by real or imagined others
behaviorism
observable behavior and causes
operant conditioning
no construal consideration
gestalt
social psych perspective
construal
observational study
watch behavior to draw conclusions
ethnography or archival analysis
coded data and interjudge reliability
description, but not the WHY
ethnography
observational study
observe culture from inside without preconceived notions
archival analysis
observational study
observe existing data
correlational study
look for relationship
no causation or manipulation
continuous variables
correlation coefficient (0.2 - relation)
can only assume covariance, no temporal precedence or internal validity
experimental study
way to assess independent variable effect on dependent
random assignment allows internal validity
IV always categorical
p value - how likely the results were chance
quasi-experimental study
experimental study with no random assignment
asses variables that cannot be manipulated (race, gender, school)
field experiment
done outside lab
manipulation and random assignment, just in the real world
theory
explains data and predicts
evolves as we learn
hypothesis
predicts study from theory
coviariation
relationship between x and y
does mean diff change between predictor and outcome
temporal precedence
does x come before y?
can only be done with manipulation
internal validity
only independent variable is affecting dependent
only random assignment can allow
external validity
generalization ability
basic research
generating theory without application
in lab
applied research
applying theory to solve a problem
social psych hurdles
hindsight bias/no shit phenomenon - we avoid obvious q’s or resist them
fundamental attribution error - resist power of the situation (we want to feel good and accurate)
lack of replication, harking
data fabrication and lying
lack of representation - external validity
just world beliefs
we like to think of the world as a just place
top: got there bc they worked hard, not situation
bottom: if no just world belief, then effort useless
social dominance rules
social hierarcy
automatic processing
fast, unconscious impressions
organized around schemas that develop over time
affected by accessibility (salience) and priming
basis of a lot of bias
self fulfilling prophecy
judgemental heuristics
shortcuts to make quick judgements
availability
representativeness - similarity to typical case
base rate info - info about freq of members in categories of pop
controlled processing
higher lvl processing of social world
time to think
implicit biases less predictive, IAT test don’t predict
affected by framing, dilution/fatigue, inaccurate self prediction, initial impressions (halo/horn, belief perseverance, false consensus), fundamental attrib error
decoy effect
controlled processing framing
other options make another option attractive
dilution effect
controlled processing
extra information dilutes relevant information
overload effects
controlled processing
we remember primacy and recency with lots of information
initial impressions long lasting
controlled processing
belief perseverances = initial impressions persist (accuracy)
halo effect
false consensus = overestimate # people who agree w us (feel good)
fundamental attribution error
controlled processing
egocentric thought = celebrate our successes
self serving bias = justify other’s successes
kelley’s covariation
internal vs external attribution
consensus = how do others behave to stimulus
distinctiveness = how actor responds to others
consistency = is behavior between actor and stimulus consistent
