Exam 1 Flashcards
Describe anatomical position
Sending erect, arms at sides, palms forward, head eyes and feet forward
How do you say armpit medically?
Axilla
The medical term for chin is
Mental
Medical term for bottom of the foot is
Planter
Describe anatomical position
Standing erect, arms at side, palms, eyes, feet, head, forward
Further up and down a limb are referred to as….?
Proximal- up
Distal- Down
Define planes!
List them
Flat surface passes through the body
Frontal- Divides surface into anterior and posterior sections
Transverse- Divides body into superior and inferior sections
Midsagittal- Divides body on patients right
Parasagittal- Divides body on patients left
Oblique/angular- Cuts at a angle
Serous membrane does what?
Lines cavity wall and covers organs
Serious membrane consists of….?
2 layers!
Parietal layer = Lines cavity wall
Visceral layer= Covers organ
What is between parietal layer and visceral layer?
Serious build filled cavity
Homeostasis is……
All body systems working together to maintain a stable and balanced internal environment
How much of the human body is filled with fluid vs solids?
40% solids 60% fluids
Fluids are found in what two compartments? Where are they found in relation to cells?
ICF= Intracellular- inside cell ECF= Extracellular- outside cell
More fluid is found in which compartment?
ICF/Intracellular - inside cell
3 things must remain consistent in life? What maintains this?
- Environment
- Temperature
- Amount
Control Sytem! aka Feedback System (-&+)
Describe how the control system works
- Stress (out of homeostasis)
- Receptors in ECF receive stimulus (input)
- CNS/control center processes signal & sends instructions
- Effectors carry instructions (output)
- Feedback system generates a (-) or (+) response
Negative feedback results in______
Body brought back to homeostasis
Which feedback is most dominant?
Negative feedback
Positive feedback results in_______
Body brought AWAY from homeostasis
Main difference between - and + feedback is____
\+ = away from homeostasis - = back to homeostasis
What are the 3 main parts of a cell?
- Plasma membrane
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
What does the cytoplasm consist of?
Cytosol & organelles
What is cytosol and its functions?
Fluid portion of cell!
Flexibility, chemical reactions & storage
List the 4 types of tissue
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
What is histology?
The study of tissues
Purpose of epithelial tissues are
- Covers exposed structures (organs, body)
- Lines spaces
- Forms glands
What tissue is best at regeneration?
Epithelial tissue
What type of connections must epithelial cells have in basement membrane
Strong!
Hemidesmosomes are _____. Where are they located
Proteins! In basement membrane of epithelial tissues
Where is the basement membrane?
Bottom of epithelial
The top of epithelial tissue is called?
Free surface/ apical surface
If an epithelial cell has 1, 2 +, or seemingly multiples layers but only has one you’d call each of them ____, ____, and _____
1 layer= Simple
2 layers or more= Stratified
1 layer that looks like many= Pseudostratified
How many covering and lining epithelial tissues are there?
8
Name for FLAT epithelial cell is ____
Squamous
Name for a CUBED epithelial cell is______
Cuboidal
Name for TALL epithelial cell is_______
Columnar
Name for epithelial cell with many shapes is ________
Transitional
How do you determine the shape of a cell?
Look at the outer most layers (free surface and basement membrane)
How many simple ‘covering and lining’ epithelial are there?
3 simples = Squamous, cuboidal, columnar
How many stratified ‘covering and lining’ epithelial are there?
4 Stratified= Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, and Transitional
How many pseudostratified ‘covering and lining’ epithelial are there?
1 Pseudostratified = Columnar
Simple epithelia ‘covering and lining’ tissue is good for______
Secretion and absorption
stratified epithelial ‘covering and lining’ is good for?
Protections
Pseudo menas _____
False
Psuedostratified epithelial ‘covering and lining’ tissue is good for_____
Sweeping/cleaning action
Cilia are found on which epithelial ‘lining and covering’ cells
Pseudostratified
Name the two classifications of epithelia tissue
Covering & lining and glandular
(T or F) All cells contact the basement membrane and extend to the free surface
False! Not all extend to free surface (Hence pseudostratified)
Two types of glandular epithelial tissues are _____ and _____. How are the different?
- Endocrine Glandular- hormones, no ducts
- . Exocrine Glandular- NONhormones, HAS ducts
Both release secretion
How many types of epithelial tissues are there total?
10!
8= covering & lining
2= glandular
Non epithelial cancer tissues is called______
Sarcoma
Purpose of connective tissue____
Connects structures Fills internal space Transports material Stores energy Internal support
The most abundant tissue in the body is______
Connective Tissue
What makes up the matrix in connective tissue?
Extracellular ground substance aka the”glue”
Extracellular protein fibers aka the “scaffolding”
How many connective tissues are there?
12
There are ____ # of connective tissue classifications
6
Name each connective tissue classification and its general function
- Loose -Connect & Protect
- Dense -Connect & Protect
- Cartilage- Strength Support
- Bone-Strength Support
- Blood- Transport & Defense
- Lymph-Transport & Defense
What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue and their functions?
- Areolar- Cushion
- Adipose- Stores fat/insulation
- Reticular- Support to organs & filters germs
