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Anatomy & Physiology I > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe anatomical position

A

Sending erect, arms at sides, palms forward, head eyes and feet forward

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2
Q

How do you say armpit medically?

A

Axilla

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3
Q

The medical term for chin is

A

Mental

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4
Q

Medical term for bottom of the foot is

A

Planter

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5
Q

Describe anatomical position

A

Standing erect, arms at side, palms, eyes, feet, head, forward

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6
Q

Further up and down a limb are referred to as….?

A

Proximal- up

Distal- Down

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7
Q

Define planes!

List them

A

Flat surface passes through the body
Frontal- Divides surface into anterior and posterior sections

Transverse- Divides body into superior and inferior sections

Midsagittal- Divides body on patients right
Parasagittal- Divides body on patients left

Oblique/angular- Cuts at a angle

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8
Q

Serous membrane does what?

A

Lines cavity wall and covers organs

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9
Q

Serious membrane consists of….?

A

2 layers!
Parietal layer = Lines cavity wall
Visceral layer= Covers organ

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10
Q

What is between parietal layer and visceral layer?

A

Serious build filled cavity

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11
Q

Homeostasis is……

A

All body systems working together to maintain a stable and balanced internal environment

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12
Q

How much of the human body is filled with fluid vs solids?

A

40% solids 60% fluids

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13
Q

Fluids are found in what two compartments? Where are they found in relation to cells?

A 
ICF= Intracellular- inside cell
ECF= Extracellular- outside cell
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14
Q

More fluid is found in which compartment?

A

ICF/Intracellular - inside cell

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15
Q

3 things must remain consistent in life? What maintains this?

A
  1. Environment
  2. Temperature
  3. Amount

Control Sytem! aka Feedback System (-&+)

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16
Q

Describe how the control system works

A
  1. Stress (out of homeostasis)
  2. Receptors in ECF receive stimulus (input)
  3. CNS/control center processes signal & sends instructions
  4. Effectors carry instructions (output)
  5. Feedback system generates a (-) or (+) response
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17
Q

Negative feedback results in______

A

Body brought back to homeostasis

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18
Q

Which feedback is most dominant?

A

Negative feedback

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19
Q

Positive feedback results in_______

A

Body brought AWAY from homeostasis

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20
Q

Main difference between - and + feedback is____

A 
\+ = away from homeostasis
- = back to homeostasis
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21
Q

What are the 3 main parts of a cell?

A
  1. Plasma membrane
  2. Nucleus
  3. Cytoplasm
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22
Q

What does the cytoplasm consist of?

A

Cytosol & organelles

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23
Q

What is cytosol and its functions?

A

Fluid portion of cell!

Flexibility, chemical reactions & storage

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24
Q

List the 4 types of tissue

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
25
Q

What is histology?

A

The study of tissues

26
Q

Purpose of epithelial tissues are

A
  1. Covers exposed structures (organs, body)
  2. Lines spaces
  3. Forms glands
27
Q

What tissue is best at regeneration?

A

Epithelial tissue

28
Q

What type of connections must epithelial cells have in basement membrane

A

Strong!

29
Q

Hemidesmosomes are _____. Where are they located

A

Proteins! In basement membrane of epithelial tissues

30
Q

Where is the basement membrane?

A

Bottom of epithelial

31
Q

The top of epithelial tissue is called?

A

Free surface/ apical surface

32
Q

If an epithelial cell has 1, 2 +, or seemingly multiples layers but only has one you’d call each of them ____, ____, and _____

A

1 layer= Simple
2 layers or more= Stratified
1 layer that looks like many= Pseudostratified

33
Q

How many covering and lining epithelial tissues are there?

A

8

34
Q

Name for FLAT epithelial cell is ____

A

Squamous

35
Q

Name for a CUBED epithelial cell is______

A

Cuboidal

36
Q

Name for TALL epithelial cell is_______

A

Columnar

37
Q

Name for epithelial cell with many shapes is ________

A

Transitional

38
Q

How do you determine the shape of a cell?

A

Look at the outer most layers (free surface and basement membrane)

39
Q

How many simple ‘covering and lining’ epithelial are there?

A

3 simples = Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

40
Q

How many stratified ‘covering and lining’ epithelial are there?

A

4 Stratified= Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, and Transitional

41
Q

How many pseudostratified ‘covering and lining’ epithelial are there?

A

1 Pseudostratified = Columnar

42
Q

Simple epithelia ‘covering and lining’ tissue is good for______

A

Secretion and absorption

43
Q

stratified epithelial ‘covering and lining’ is good for?

A

Protections

44
Q

Pseudo menas _____

A

False

45
Q

Psuedostratified epithelial ‘covering and lining’ tissue is good for_____

A

Sweeping/cleaning action

46
Q

Cilia are found on which epithelial ‘lining and covering’ cells

A

Pseudostratified

47
Q

Name the two classifications of epithelia tissue

A

Covering & lining and glandular

48
Q

(T or F) All cells contact the basement membrane and extend to the free surface

A

False! Not all extend to free surface (Hence pseudostratified)

49
Q

Two types of glandular epithelial tissues are _____ and _____. How are the different?

A
  1. Endocrine Glandular- hormones, no ducts
  2. . Exocrine Glandular- NONhormones, HAS ducts

Both release secretion

50
Q

How many types of epithelial tissues are there total?

A

10!
8= covering & lining
2= glandular

51
Q

Non epithelial cancer tissues is called______

A

Sarcoma

52
Q

Purpose of connective tissue____

A 
Connects structures
Fills internal space
Transports material 
Stores energy
Internal support
53
Q

The most abundant tissue in the body is______

A

Connective Tissue

54
Q

What makes up the matrix in connective tissue?

A

Extracellular ground substance aka the”glue”

Extracellular protein fibers aka the “scaffolding”

55
Q

How many connective tissues are there?

A

12

56
Q

There are ____ # of connective tissue classifications

A

6

57
Q

Name each connective tissue classification and its general function

A
  1. Loose -Connect & Protect
  2. Dense -Connect & Protect
  3. Cartilage- Strength Support
  4. Bone-Strength Support
  5. Blood- Transport & Defense
  6. Lymph-Transport & Defense
58
Q

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue and their functions?

A
  1. Areolar- Cushion
  2. Adipose- Stores fat/insulation
  3. Reticular- Support to organs & filters germs

Anatomy & Physiology I (4 decks)

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