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Exercise Phys > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of reactions catabolize complex organic molecules into simpler forms that can be easily absorbed

A

Hydrolysis Reactions

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2
Q

How do hydrolysis reactions work?

A

H+ and OH- are aded to a molecule to split chemical bonds

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3
Q

Where does lipase work?

A

Cleaves FA at the glycerol backbone.

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4
Q

Describe a condensation reaction.

A

The building of a molecule where a water molecule is formed.

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5
Q

A _______ agent describes the substance that donates or loses electrons

A

Reducing

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6
Q

The substance being reduced or gaining electrons is called the electron acceptor or the ____ agent

A

Oxidizing

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7
Q

T/fF: Transferring electrons from NADH and FADH2 harnesses energy in the form of ATP

A

True

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8
Q

NAD+ and FAD hydrogen acceptors which are ____ to form NADH and FADH2

A

Reduced

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9
Q

_____ reactions transfer oxygen atoms, hydrogen atoms or electrons

A

Oxidation

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10
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

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11
Q

Where does FA oxidation occur?

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

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12
Q

What are the roles of carbohydrates?

A

Energy Source
Protein Sparer
Metabolic Primer
Fuel for CNS

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13
Q

During low intensity exercise what fuel serves as the main energy source?

A

Fat

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14
Q

What fuel serves as the main source during high intensity exercise?

A

Carbohydrates

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15
Q

What occurs when exercise continues to a point that compromises liver and muscle glycogen

A

Fatigue

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16
Q

What are the 3 groups of lipids

A

Simple
Compound
Derived

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17
Q

What are the types of simple lipids

A

Saturated and Unsaturated

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18
Q

The overall metabolism of glucose to lactate in the absence of oxygen results in

A

ATP

2 Lactate

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19
Q

Define cellular respiration

A

the flow of electrons through or within a membrane, from reduced coenzymes to an external electron acceptor usually accompanied by the generation of ATP

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20
Q

Organisms with an absolute requirement for oxygen

A

Obligate aerobe

21
Q

Organisms that cannot use oxygen as an electron acceptor; oxygen is toxic to these organisms

A

Obligate anaerobe

22
Q

Organisms that can function under aerobic or anaerobic conditions

A

Facultative

23
Q

In_______ respiration, the terminal electron acceptor is oxygen and the reduced form is water

A

Aerobic

24
Q

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

A

Mitochondria

25
Q

Describe respiratory control

A

The rate of respiration aka electron transport depends on the concentration of ADP.
If ADP is high that means ATP is low so electron transport and ATP production is promoted
If ADP is low that means ATP is high and electron transport thus ATP production is inhibited

26
Q

What hormone causes an increase in oxygen consumption?

A

Norepinephrine

27
Q

What is lipogenesis

A

The formation of fat in the cytoplasm of liver cells

Occurs when glycogen stores are full so glucose is transported to adipocytes

28
Q

What type of amino acids yield pyruvate, oxaloacetate and malate to be used for gluconeogenesis?

A

glycogenic AAs

29
Q

What are glucogenic amino acids?

A

Amino acids that can become important intermediates for gluconeogenesis when deaminated

30
Q

What are ketogenic amino acids?

A

Amino acids that can become acetyl coA or acetoacetate when deaminated

31
Q

What is the product of anaerobic respiration?

A

2 lactate

32
Q

What is the product of aerobic respiration?

A

Acetyl CoA

33
Q

Is fatty acid catabolism aerobic or anaerobic?`

A

aerobic

34
Q

What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen?

A

In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA

35
Q

What is the fate of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen?

A

it is turned into lactate

36
Q

What processes produce ATP

A

Glycolysis
Electron Transport Chain
TCA Cycle

37
Q

What are the 3 misconceptions about effects of lactate?

A

Lactate is the cause of :
Fatigue
Cramps
Soreness

38
Q

What is lactate threshold?

A

the point at which lactate appearance is higher than disappearance

39
Q

How does McArdle’s Disease debunk the misconceptions about the effects of lactate?

A

Those with MA lack glycogen phosphorylase so they do not make lactate but still suffer from muscle fatigue and cramps

40
Q

How is lactate removed?

A

Oxidation by working muscle

41
Q

When glycogen stores are full, carbs are stored as

A

Fat

42
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

In liver and muscle

43
Q

What is the process of fatty acid metabolism into Acetyl CoA?

A

Beta Oxidation

44
Q

What happens once glycogen stores are full?

A

Glucose is converted into fat and is stored as adipose tissue

45
Q

Fat is stored in the form of

A

Triacylglycerols

46
Q

What is basal metabolic rate?

A

the minimum level of energy needed to sustain vital functions in the waking state

47
Q

What is steady rate?

A

a balance between the energy needed by muscles and the amount of ATP being made

48
Q

what is oxygen deficit?

A

The difference in o2 consumption needed to meet demands of tissue until steady rate is met

Exercise Phys (4 decks)

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