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Microbiology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Place the following events in the correct order

A. Using an objective set of criteria, the bacterium Bacillus anthracis is shown to be the causative agent of the disease anthrax, affirming the idea that microbes cause disease
B. Penicillin is discovered and used to trat bacterial infections
C. Cowpox is used to create a vaccine for smallpox
D. Phagocytes, white blood cells that can engulf and destroy bacteria, are discovered

A

C, A, D, B

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2
Q

Algae belong to which of the microbial groups listed below?

  • Protists
  • Viruses
  • Archaea
  • Prions
  • Fungi
  • Bacteria
A

Protists

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3
Q

Water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide cross the plasma membrane by this mechanism

  • Group translocation
  • Secondary active transport
  • Primary active transport
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Passive diffusion
A

Passive diffusion

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4
Q

The energy required for this type of movement is directly provided by the hydrolysis of ATP

  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Passive diffusion
  • Primary active transport
  • Group translocation
  • Secondary active transport
A

Primary active transport

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5
Q

The energy required for this type of movement is provided by ion gradients

  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Primary active transport
  • Secondary active transport
  • Passive diffusion
  • Group translocation
A

Secondary active transport

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6
Q

Gluconeogenesis is an example of a biosynthetic pathway and involves the synthesis of glucose from pyruvate. Does this require the input of ATP or does it produce ATP?

A

It requires the input of ATP

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7
Q

Does phototrophy require the input of ATP or does it produce ATP?

A

It produces ATP

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8
Q

You are working with an unknown bacterial culture and have just determined that the organism is capable of surviving exposure to boiling temperatures (100 degrees Celsius) for at least 10 minutes. Which of the bacterial structures/components listed below would be the most effective in helping the bacteria to survive under these conditions?

  • Endospores
  • Flagella and chemoreceptors
  • An S layer
  • A plasma membrane containing hopanoids and saturated lipids
  • A thick layer of peptidoglycan
A

Endospores

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9
Q

At least some members of this(these) group(s) are capable of fixing nitrogen

A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Protists

A

A, B

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10
Q

All members of this(these) groups are chemoorganotrophic heterotrophs

A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Protists

A

C

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11
Q

At least some members of this(these) group(s) can carry out methanogenesis

A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Protists

A

A

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12
Q

At least some members of this(these) group(s) are primary producers

A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Protists

A

A, B, D

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13
Q

Chemoorganotrophic microbes use a variety of metabolic pathways for energy production. Which of the following correctly compares the three pathways listed below and orders them from most ATP produced to least ATP produced when all are operating under optimal conditions?

A. Fermentation > Aerobic respiration > Anaerobic respiration
B. Aerobic respiration > Fermentation > Anaerobic respiration
C. Aerobic respiration > Anaerobic respiration > Fermentation
D. Anaerobic respiration > Aerobic respiration > Fermentation
E. Anaerobic respiration > Fermentation > Aerobic respiration

A

C

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14
Q

All the ATP that is produced by fermentation is the result of

  • Substrate-level phosphorylation
  • Photophosphorylation
  • Oxidative phosphorylation
A

Substrate-level phosphorylation

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15
Q

What kind of chemical reactions in an organism result in the production of ATP?

  • All metabolic reactions
  • Anabolic reactions
  • Catabolic reactions
A

Catabolic reactions

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16
Q

Identify the scientist(s) that used cowpox to protect people against smallpox

  • Emil von Behring & Shibasaburo Kitasato
  • Martinus Beijerink & Sergei Winogradsky
  • Alexander Fleming
  • Edward Jenner
  • Robert Koch
  • Joseph Lister
  • Elie Metchnikoff
  • Louis Pasteur
A

Edward Jenner

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17
Q

Identify the scientist(s) that developed a vaccine for rabies

  • Emil von Behring & Shibasaburo Kitasato
  • Martinus Beijerink & Sergei Winogradsky
  • Alexander Fleming
  • Edward Jenner
  • Robert Koch
  • Joseph Lister
  • Elie Metchnikoff
  • Louis Pasteur
A

Louis Pasteur

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18
Q

Identify the scientist(s) that discovered antitoxins (known today as antibodies)

  • Emil von Behring & Shibasaburo Kitasato
  • Martinus Beijerink & Sergei Winogradsky
  • Alexander Fleming
  • Edward Jenner
  • Robert Koch
  • Joseph Lister
  • Elie Metchnikoff
  • Louis Pasteur
A

Emil von Behring & Shibasaburo Kitasato

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19
Q

Identify the scientist(s) that discovered phagocytes

  • Emil von Behring & Shibasaburo Kitasato
  • Martinus Beijerink & Sergei Winogradsky
  • Alexander Fleming
  • Edward Jenner
  • Robert Koch
  • Joseph Lister
  • Elie Metchnikoff
  • Louis Pasteur
A

Elie Metchnikoff

20
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes is the causative agent of strep throat. What is the species name of this organism?

  • pyogenes
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
  • Streptococcus
A

Streptococcus pyogenes

21
Q

It is possible for bacterial cells to lack or lose certain cellular structures and remain alive. Other structures are essential, and their absence or loss cannot be tolerated. Identify the one structure below that if lost by a bacterial cell would ultimately cause all metabolic processes to stop and bring about the certain death of a cell.

  • Ribosomes
  • Cell wall
  • Plasmid
  • Capsul
  • Flagella
A

Ribosomes

22
Q

Which of the bacterial structures listed below is best able to carry out attachment/adherence to a solid surface and gliding motility?

  • Fimbriae
  • S layer
  • Capsule
  • Slime layer
  • Flagella
A

Slime layer

23
Q

Axial filaments found in spirochete bacteria are a specialized type of which of the cell components listed below?

  • Capsules
  • Fimbriae
  • Slime layers
  • Flagella
  • Pili
A

Flagella

24
Q

Cell walls are important in protecting single-celled organisms from osmotic lysis. Some archaea, however, lack cell walls. Which of the following is likely to be the most important in providing protection against osmotic lysis in wall-less Archaea?

  • Capsules
  • S layers
  • Slime layers
  • Flagella
  • Fimbriae
A

S layers

25
Q

Which of the following most accurately explains how/why bacterial cell walls protect the cell from osmotic lysis? The cell wall…

A. Is capable of monitoring the internal and external solute concentrations and can open or close channels in the cell wall in response to regulate the amount of water in the cell
B. Is rigid which limits the volume of water that can enter the cell preventing the uptake of a volume of water than would cause the cell to lyse
C. Is flexible and can expand to accommodate the uptake of exceptionally large volumes of water so bacterial cells are seldom in danger of lysis
D. Includes components that can actively pump water out of the cell if too much water flows in
E. Is made of components that are impermeable to water (i.e., water is unable to pass through) so that the wall is able to block water from entering the cell

A

B

26
Q

In bacteria which of the following cell wall components is primarily responsible for protecting cells from osmotic lysis?

  • Periplasmic space
  • Peptidoglycan
  • Outer membrane
  • Lipopolysaccharide
  • Lipoteichoic acid
A

Peptidoglycan

27
Q

Nitrosomonas europaea is a prokaryotic species that gets energy and electrons from the oxidation of NH4+ and its carbon from CO2. To which of the following nutritional groups does N. europaea belong?

  • Chemolithoautotroph
  • Chemolithoheterotroph
  • Chemoorganoheterotroph
  • Photolithoautotroph
  • Photoorganoheterotroph
A

Chemolithoautotroph

28
Q

Chemical Y is a substance found in some environments that is very harmful to bacteria because it disrupts protein synthesis. Identify and explain 2 different ways in which bacteria can protect themselves from chemical Y. Identify the cell structure/components involved, describe properties of the structure/component that are relevant to this situation, and explain the mechanism of protection (I.e., how and why the cell is protected by chemical Y)

A

Mechanism 1: Regulation of entry
• Cell wall- phospholipid bilayer
• The phospholipid bilayer is semi-permeable
• The semi-permeability of the phospholipid bilayer allows only certain molecules to enter the cell. The denied entry of chemical Y would help to protect the inside of the cell from it
Mechanism 2: Chemotaxis
• Signal receptors & motility- requires motile components (involves flagella, pili, etc.)
• The cell must have the signal receptors to be able to interpret a signal. They also need to be motile, so having the structures to move is required
• The cell would receive the negative signal of chemical Y, and using the motile component the cell can move away from it by movement to protect itself

29
Q

Which of the following are fueling reactions that involve the oxidation of an organic molecule (Such as glucose), occur in the absence of oxygen, use an internal final electron acceptor, and do not involve an electron transport system?

  • Chemolithotrophy
  • Anaerobic respiration
  • Photosynthesis
  • Fermentation
  • Aerobic respiration
A

Fermentation

30
Q

Group(s) whose organisms have cells with a true (membrane-bound) nucleus

A.	Archaea
B.	Bacteria
C.	Fungi
D.	Protists
E.	Viruses
A

A

31
Q

This (These) group(s) include at least some organisms with a demonstrated role in causing disease

A.	Archaea
B.	Bacteria
C.	Fungi
D.	Protists
E.	Viruses
A

B, C

32
Q

Group(s) whose organisms have cells that may include S layers

A.	Archaea
B.	Bacteria
C.	Fungi
D.	Protists
E.	Viruses
A

A, B

33
Q

Group(s) whose organisms have a prokaryotic cell structure

A.	Archaea
B.	Bacteria
C.	Fungi
D.	Protists
E.	Viruses
A

A, B

34
Q

Group(s) whose organisms have cell walls containing peptidoglycan

A.	Archaea
B.	Bacteria
C.	Fungi
D.	Protists
E.	Viruses
A

B

35
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae are gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. What is the genus name of this organism?

  • Klebsiella
  • pneumoniae
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
A

Klebsiella

36
Q

Which mechanism of movement involve molecules moving along a concentration gradient (from a high concentration to a low concentration)?

A.	Secondary active transport
B.	Passive diffusion
C.	Primary active transport
D.	Facilitated diffusion
E.	Group translocation
A

B, D

37
Q

Which mechanisms of movement require the involvement of transport proteins (e.g. protein channels or carrier proteins)?

A.	Group translocation
B.	Primary active transport
C.	Secondary active transport
D.	Facilitated diffusion
E.	Passive diffusion
A

A, B, C, D

38
Q

The presence of lipopolysaccharide is characteristic of…

  • Gram-negative bacterial cell walls
  • Gram-positive bacterial cell walls
  • Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell walls
A

Gram-negative bacterial cell walls

39
Q

Cell walls whose structures include an outer membrane are found in…

  • Gram-negative bacterial cell walls
  • Gram-positive bacterial cell walls
  • Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell walls
A

Gram-negative bacterial cell walls

40
Q

These walls contain components that confer a net negative charge to the cell exterior

  • Gram-negative bacterial cell walls, only
  • Gram-positive bacterial cell walls, only
  • Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell walls
A

Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell walls

41
Q

Peptidoglycan is a component found in the cell walls of…

  • Gram-negative bacteria, only
  • Gram-positive bacteria, only
  • Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria
A

Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria

42
Q

In the first decade of the 19th century (1800-1810), what was the prevailing thinking regarding the cause of disease?

  • Humoral theory of disease
  • Germ theory of disease
A

Humoral theory of disease

43
Q

Chloroplasts are present in the cells of at least some members of this(these) group(s)

A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Protists

A

D

44
Q

This (these) group(s) have 80s ribosomes

A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Protists

A

C, D

45
Q

Which of the organisms listed below has all of the following characteristics?
• Unicellular or multicellular (colonial)
• Eukaryortic cell structure
• All membrane-bound organelles including chloroplasts
• Carries out photosynthesis

A.	Algae
B.	Protozoa
C.	Bacteria
D.	Yeast
E.	Archaea
F.	Mold
A

A

46
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes is the causative agent of strep throat. What part of the name of these bacteria is considered the specific epithet (or species epithet)?

  • Streptococcus
  • pyogenes
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
A

pyogenes

47
Q

The universal Phylogenetic Tree classifies all cellular organisms into one of 3 domains (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya) and was created based upon an analysis of which of the following?

  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence analysis
  • Ecological properties
  • Biochemical and physiological characteristics
  • Cell morphology
  • Cell structure and components
A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence analysis

Microbiology (9 decks)

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