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Large Animal Nursing > Exam 1 1/29/14 > Flashcards

Exam 1 1/29/14 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between grass hay and alfalfa?

A

Grass (timothy) hay is leafy green and less than 20% protien. Alfalfa has greater than 20% protien and good for lactating, growing, or working horses

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2
Q

How much hay should you feed a horse?

A

2% of body weight a day

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3
Q

What is a horses main source of energy?

A

high cellulose plant material

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4
Q

What type of horses need concentrates?

A

Growing, working, or lactating horses

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5
Q

How much water do horses need daily?

A

5-10 gallons

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6
Q

How can you supplement minerals and salt?

A

loose and block form

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7
Q

Where does fermentation of cellulose in the diet take place?

A

the cecum

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8
Q

What happens if you change the diet rapidly?

A

Severe GI upset

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9
Q

What are the four simple shelter requirements for horses?

A
  1. strong materials
  2. well ventilated
  3. high celings and doors
  4. free of sharp objects and holes
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10
Q

how large should a horse stall be?

A

12x12

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11
Q

What is the purpose of stall bedding?

A

acts as a cushion

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12
Q

what types of fencing are safe?

A

Boreds, wire (high tension/electrical) no barbed wire

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13
Q

Why rotate pasteurs?

A

provides lots of feed, helps reduce parasite loads and maintains healthy pasteur growth

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14
Q

what is the minimum height to graze grass to maintain good growth?

A

4 inches

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15
Q

What are the 3 things that are unique to the vision of horses?

A
  1. Eyes are laterally placed
  2. they have ramped retinas
  3. they cannot see directly in front or behind them.
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16
Q

What is the flight zone?

A

The space around the animal that when penetrated the animal moves away.

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17
Q

what is the main way horses communicate with each other?

A

body language, vocalize to communicate danger. herd animals

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18
Q

What is a normal TPR, CRT, and Rumen contractions in a horse?

A

T:100-102, P: Adult 30-40 bpm Foul 60-80 bpm, R: 8-10 bpm, CRT: less than 2 sec, Rumen: 1-3 (?)

19
Q

What are the 5 arteries commonly used for a pulse on a horse?

A

Facial, Maxillary, Medial, Digital, Medial Coccygeal artery.

20
Q

Where do you listen for a heart rate?

A

at left elbow under tricep muscle.

21
Q

Where do you listen to the quadrants of the GI tract?

A

In flank

22
Q

What are borborygmi?

A

GI sounds

23
Q

How can you determine which leg is sore?

A

Front leg: headbob (down on the sound)
Back Leg: dropped hip (down on the sound)
Also: sore leg will have shorter stride, less noisy. if turned tightly they will hop off sore leg

24
Q

Where does the digestion of protiens, simple carbs, and sugars take place?

A

Small intestine (?)

25
Q

Name a couple types of horse bedding

A

Clay/packed soil, wood shavings, straw, shredded paper, wood pellets

26
Q

Why do you feed a horse off the ground?

A

So they cannot get their feet in it and it doesnt get wet and moldy (?)

27
Q

What is a TPR and rumen contractions for cows?

A

T: 101-103, P: 60-80, R: 10-30, Rumen: 2-4

28
Q

Where would you give an IM to a cow?

A

Neck Muscles infront of the shoulder.

29
Q

Where do you give a SQ injection to a cow?

A

Cranial to shoulder on lateral side of the neck

30
Q

What is the function of the rumen?

A

break down cellulose to simple sugars, fatty acids, and protiens.

31
Q

What are the four stomachs of the cow?

A

Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, abomasum.

32
Q

What is Hardware disease?

A

When a piece of metal or plastic punctures through the reticulum to form an abscess in the peritneum or pericardium

33
Q

What is the abomasum?

A

Most simular to ours, produces pepsin and HCL for protien digestion.

34
Q

What is the main source of energy for the cow?

A

complex carbs

35
Q

Why do dairy cows get more grain than beef cows?

A

They have a negative energy state.

36
Q

What is the TPR and rumen contractions for sheep?

A

T: 102-104, P: 70-90, R: 12-25, Rumen: 2-4

37
Q

How much do you feed a sheep?

A

2-4% of body weight

38
Q

What is ‘flushing’ in sheep?

A

practice of increasing nutrition with grain prior to breeding to increase the number of eggs

39
Q

When does a sheep hit puberty?

A

4-6 months

40
Q

How long is gestation in a sheep?

A

150 days

41
Q

how long does lactation last in sheep?

A

6-10 months

42
Q

How much food does a goat require?

A

4% of their body weight

43
Q

When does a goat hit puberty?

A

4-6 months

44
Q

How long is gestation in a goat?

A

150 days

Large Animal Nursing (12 decks)

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