EX3 Module 8B Oxygination Flashcards
Ventilation
Moving of air (02 & CO2) in the lungs
(External Respiration/Breathing)
Respiration
- Exchange of 02 & CO2 between the
atmospheric air in the alveoli and
blood in the pulmonary capillaries
Diffusion
- Movement of solute from higher to
lower concentration
Alveoli Sac with high of O2
and low CO2 concentration
Red blood cells with high CO2
and low O2 concentration
Perfusion
- Tissue perfusion – blood flow from Lt
side of the heart, through systemic
circulation; oxygenated capillary blood
passes through body tissues
Internal Respiration – exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between the circulating blood and the body tissues.
Assessment for Patient has panic attack
• Rapid respiration
• Sighing breaths
• Paresthesia
(numbness/tingling sensation)
• Loss of consciousness
Patient 68 y.o. diagnosed with
pneumonia couple with COPD
exacerbation.
Assessment
- Lethargic
- Dizziness
- Disorientation
- Cardiac Dysrhythmias
- Electrolytes Imbalances
- Convulsion
- Coma
- Cardiac Arrest
Nursing Diagnosis
Ineffective airway clearance
Ineffective breathing pattern
Impaired gas exchange
Decreased cardiac output
Impaired tissue perfusion
Activity intolerance
Fatigue
Implementation
flower position
Nasal cannula 1L/MIN
chest physiotheraphy
ortopenic position
coughing
diaphrem breathing
suctioning
pursed lip breathing
increase fluid if not contraindicated
Oral Inhalation
- (Fluticasone/Salmeterol) Advair
corticosteroid/beta2-adrenergic
Nebulization
- (Ipratropium) Atrovent
anti-cholinergic - (Albuterol) Proventil
beta2-adrenergic - (Acetylcysteine) Mucomyst
Mucolytic
Factors Affecting Oxygenation
• Physiological Factors
- Hyperventilation/Hypoventilation
- Hypovolemia
- Hypoxia
- Decrease H & H
• Conditions Affecting Chest Wall Movement
• Influences of Chronic Disease
- COPD
1.Afterload
Resistance of the
ejection of blood from
the left ventricle
Stroke Volume
Amount of blood ejected
from the ventricles per
contraction
Preload
Amount of blood at
the end of ventricular
diastole
Nursing History & Physical Findings
• Patient has history of HTN, HF, hyperlipidemia,
smokes 1 pack/day, truck driver
• S/S include the following
o easily gets tired & confused
o dyspnea & SOB (shortness of breath)
o crackles upon auscultation
o LE pitting edema 3+
o upper right abdominal quadrant pain
o chest pain
o weight gain of 10 lbs in the last 5 days
• Patient has history of HTN, HF, hyperlipidemia,
smokes 1 pack/day, truck driver • S/S include the following
o easily gets tired & confused
o dyspnea & SOB (shortness of breath)
o crackles upon auscultation
o LE pitting edema 3+
o upper right abdominal quadrant pain
o chest pain
o weight gain of 10 lbs in the last 5 days
With the fluid in the alveoli sac, the diffusion of C02
and O2 is sluggish causing
hypoxemia
Deficiency of
oxygen in the
arterial blood
Patient’s left ventricle
Contractility
Preload &
Afterload. what happened
Contractility decrease
Preload &
Afterload increase
Cardiac output
- Easily gets tired, confused,
pale or dusky skin
Deficiency of oxygen in the tissue
Hypoxia
CBC ( Complete blood count)
RBC 4.1 x 1012/L L Male: 4.7 – 6.1 x 1012 /L
WBC 10 x 109/L 5.0 – 10.0 x 109/L
Hgb 12g/dL L Male: 14 – 18 g/dL
Hct 37% L Male : 42 – 52%
Platelets 156 x 109/L
Neutrophils 67% 55 – 70%
Lymphocytes 25% 20 – 40%
Basophils 1% 0.5 – 1%
Eosinophils 1% 1 – 4%
Monocytes 4% 2 – 8%