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PHA6126 LAB Pharmacology 2 > EX 7 Diuretics > Flashcards

EX 7 Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

condition wherein there is an increased urine output

A

diuresis

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2
Q

agents used to induce diuresis

A

diuretics

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3
Q

Twin, bean-shaped organ of the body

A

kidneys

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4
Q

main function is to CLEAR the HARMFUL, TOXIC substances by filtering the blood

A

kidneys

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5
Q

kidneys are responsible for regulating

A
  1. blood pH
  2. blood volume
  3. blood pressure
  4. osmolality,
  5. production of some hormones
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6
Q

kidney size

A

roughly the size of the fist

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7
Q

kidney location

A

retroperitoneally (located behind the peritoneal membranes; alongside the vertebral column)

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8
Q

pushed down by the liver which is why it is slightly lower than the other kidney

A

right kidney

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9
Q

kidney weight

A

0.5% of the total body weight

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10
Q

cardiac output received by the kidneys

A

around 25%

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11
Q

filters about 150 L of blood every day

A

adult kidney

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12
Q

Located in the MIDDLE of the kidney

A

Renal hilum

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13
Q

POINT OF ENTRY & EXIT of all the nerves that go into and come out of the kidney

A

Renal hilum

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14
Q

Thin tubes of muscles that CARRY the URINE from the KIDNEY INTO THE BLADDER

A

ureter

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15
Q

Located in the PELVIS between the pelvic bone

A

bladder

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16
Q

HOLLOW, muscular, BALLOON-shaped organs

A

bladder

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17
Q

Bladder ____________ as it fills with urine

A

expands

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18
Q

Bladder can approximately hold up to _______________ of urine

A

1.5 to 2 cups

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19
Q

Smooth TRANSPARENT sheet of dense connective tissue that GIVES KIDNEYS DISTINCT SHAPE

A

renal capsule

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20
Q

2 main parts of the cross section image of the kidney

A
  1. renal medulla
  2. renal cortex
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21
Q

renal medulla is made up of _______________ renal pyramid

A

10 to 18

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22
Q

Primarily COLLECTED IN RENAL PELVIS area → ureter → bladder

A

urine

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23
Q

Basic functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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24
Q

2 parts of the nephron

A
  1. renal corpuscle
  2. renal tubule
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25
Q

glomerulus, capillaries, and
Bowman’s capsule

A

renal corpuscle

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26
Q

PCT, nephron lobe (Loop of Henle), DCT, collecting ducts

A

renal tubule

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27
Q

regulation of BP and the
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (amount of blood that passes
through the glomeruli each minute)

A

Juxtaglomerular complex

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28
Q

Juxtaglomerular complex location

A

between the distal convoluted tubule and afferent arterioles

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29
Q

Three types of cells in the Juxtaglomerular complex

A
  1. Macula densa cells
  2. Juxtaglomerular cells
  3. Extraglomerular mesangial cells
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30
Q

Site of action of diuretic agents

A

renal tubule

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31
Q

Carries out ISOOSMOTIC REABSORPTION reabsorption of glucose and numerous ions

A

PCT

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32
Q

Major site for NaCl and NaHCO3 reabsorption

A

PCT

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33
Q

about 65-70% of the total
reabsorption of sodium

A

PCT

34
Q

loop of henle consists of

A

Thick ascending limb (TAL)

35
Q

Permeable to sodium chloride, not water

A

TAL of loop of henle

36
Q

Approximately 25% of the sodium is
reabsorbed to this segment

A

TAL of loop of henle

37
Q

Major site of Ca and Mg REABSORPTION

A

TAL of loop of henle

38
Q

Permeable to sodium chloride, but IMPERMEABLE TO H20

A

DCT

39
Q

approximately 5% of sodium
reabsorption

A

DCT

40
Q

diuretics that target DCT

A

thiazides inhibits NCC (NaCl cotransporter)

41
Q

diuretics that target loop of henle

A

loop diuretics

42
Q

diuretics that targets PCT

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

43
Q

Controlled by aldosterone

A

collecting duct

44
Q

steroid hormone secreted
by the adrenal cortex

A

aldosterone

45
Q

approximately 1-2% of sodium
reabsorption

A

collecting duct

46
Q

diuretics that targets collecting duct

A

K-sparing diuretics

47
Q

diuretics are also known as

A

water pill

48
Q

help the kidneys to GET RID OF EXTRA H2O & SALT through the process of urination

A

diuretics

49
Q

indications of diuretics

A
  1. HTN
  2. edema
  3. glaucoma
  4. HF
  5. kidney and liver problems
  6. poison cases
50
Q

Diuretics classification

A
  1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  2. Loop diuretics
  3. Thiazides diuretics
  4. Potassium-sparing diuretics
  5. Osmotic diuretics
  6. Aldosterone receptor antagonists
51
Q

Lipschitz value ≥ 1

A

POSITIVE diuretic effect

52
Q

Lipschitz value ≥ 2

A

POTENT diuretic effect

53
Q

drug with 1.8 Lipschitz value

A

HCTZ

54
Q

drug with 4 Lipschitz value

A

furosemide

55
Q

increase excretion of renal sodium

A

natriuretic

56
Q

increase excretion of solute-free water

A

aquaretic

57
Q

Most commonly used diuretic

A

thiazide

58
Q

Drug of choice for hypertension without comorbidities

A

thiazide

59
Q

May produce hypokalemia

A

thiazide

60
Q

thiazide drugs (HICC)

A

HCTZ, Indapamide, Clopamide, Chlorthalidone

61
Q

Inhibit the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2 cotransporter)

A

loop diuretics

62
Q

risk of HYPERkalemia, do not produce HYPOkalemia

A

K-sparing diuretics

63
Q

Inhibit aldosterone-sensitive sodium reabsorption, less potassium and hydrogen ion are exchanged –> less potassium and hydrogen are lost

A

K-sparing diuretics

64
Q

May be used alone or in conjunction with loop or thiazide diuretics

A

K-sparing diuretics

65
Q

K-sparing diuretics (TEAS)

A

Triamterene, Eplerenone, Amiloride, Spironolactone

66
Q

a Potassium-sparing diuretic

A

aldosterone receptor antagonist

67
Q

Does not act directly on the sodium transport but antagonizes actions of aldosterone

A

aldosterone receptor antagonist

68
Q

Aldosterone receptor antagonist (ES)

A

Eplerenone, Spironolactone

69
Q

Reduce formation of H+ and HCO3- from CO2 and H2O by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

70
Q

enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction between the CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid
and bicarbonate

A

carbonic anhydrase

71
Q

Promotes renal Na+, K+, HCO3- and water excretion

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

72
Q

Not typically used for their diuretic capacity

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

73
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (MAD)

A

Methazolamide, Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide

74
Q

or the treatment and prevention of acute MOUNTAIN SICKNESS (aka ALTITUDE SICKNESS) and some types of epilepsy

A

Acetazolamide

75
Q

treat certain INHERITED MUSCLE DISORDERS

A

Dichlorphenamide

76
Q

Expand extracellular fluid and plasma volume to increase renal
blood flow which dilutes urine in loop of Henle

A

osmotic diuretics

77
Q

osmotic diuretics ____________________________ of blood and renal filtrate

A

increase osmolarity

78
Q

osmotic diuretics are only given through ___________

A

IV

79
Q

osmotic diuretic (M)

A

mannitol

80
Q
A

PHA6126 LAB Pharmacology 2 (3 decks)

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