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PHA6126 LAB Pharmacology 2 > EX 7 Diuretics > Flashcards

EX 7 Diuretics Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

condition wherein there is an increased urine output

A

diuresis

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2
Q

agents used to induce diuresis

A

diuretics

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3
Q

Twin, bean-shaped organ of the body

A

kidneys

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4
Q

main function is to CLEAR the HARMFUL, TOXIC substances by filtering the blood

A

kidneys

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5
Q

kidneys are responsible for regulating

A
  1. blood pH
  2. blood volume
  3. blood pressure
  4. osmolality,
  5. production of some hormones
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6
Q

kidney size

A

roughly the size of the fist

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7
Q

kidney location

A

retroperitoneally (located behind the peritoneal membranes; alongside the vertebral column)

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8
Q

pushed down by the liver which is why it is slightly lower than the other kidney

A

right kidney

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9
Q

kidney weight

A

0.5% of the total body weight

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10
Q

cardiac output received by the kidneys

A

around 25%

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11
Q

filters about 150 L of blood every day

A

adult kidney

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12
Q

Located in the MIDDLE of the kidney

A

Renal hilum

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13
Q

POINT OF ENTRY & EXIT of all the nerves that go into and come out of the kidney

A

Renal hilum

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14
Q

Thin tubes of muscles that CARRY the URINE from the KIDNEY INTO THE BLADDER

A

ureter

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15
Q

Located in the PELVIS between the pelvic bone

A

bladder

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16
Q

HOLLOW, muscular, BALLOON-shaped organs

A

bladder

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17
Q

Bladder ____________ as it fills with urine

A

expands

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18
Q

Bladder can approximately hold up to _______________ of urine

A

1.5 to 2 cups

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19
Q

Smooth TRANSPARENT sheet of dense connective tissue that GIVES KIDNEYS DISTINCT SHAPE

A

renal capsule

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20
Q

2 main parts of the cross section image of the kidney

A
  1. renal medulla
  2. renal cortex
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21
Q

renal medulla is made up of _______________ renal pyramid

A

10 to 18

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22
Q

Primarily COLLECTED IN RENAL PELVIS area → ureter → bladder

A

urine

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23
Q

Basic functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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24
Q

2 parts of the nephron

A
  1. renal corpuscle
  2. renal tubule
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25
glomerulus, capillaries, and Bowman's capsule
renal corpuscle
26
PCT, nephron lobe (Loop of Henle), DCT, collecting ducts
renal tubule
27
regulation of BP and the GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (amount of blood that passes through the glomeruli each minute)
Juxtaglomerular complex
28
Juxtaglomerular complex location
between the distal convoluted tubule and afferent arterioles
29
Three types of cells in the Juxtaglomerular complex
1. Macula densa cells 2. Juxtaglomerular cells 3. Extraglomerular mesangial cells
30
Site of action of diuretic agents
renal tubule
31
Carries out ISOOSMOTIC REABSORPTION reabsorption of glucose and numerous ions
PCT
32
Major site for NaCl and NaHCO3 reabsorption
PCT
33
about 65-70% of the total reabsorption of sodium
PCT
34
loop of henle consists of
Thick ascending limb (TAL)
35
Permeable to sodium chloride, not water
TAL of loop of henle
36
Approximately 25% of the sodium is reabsorbed to this segment
TAL of loop of henle
37
Major site of Ca and Mg REABSORPTION
TAL of loop of henle
38
Permeable to sodium chloride, but IMPERMEABLE TO H20
DCT
39
approximately 5% of sodium reabsorption
DCT
40
diuretics that target DCT
thiazides inhibits NCC (NaCl cotransporter)
41
diuretics that target loop of henle
loop diuretics
42
diuretics that targets PCT
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
43
Controlled by aldosterone
collecting duct
44
steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex
aldosterone
45
approximately 1-2% of sodium reabsorption
collecting duct
46
diuretics that targets collecting duct
K-sparing diuretics
47
diuretics are also known as
water pill
48
help the kidneys to GET RID OF EXTRA H2O & SALT through the process of urination
diuretics
49
indications of diuretics
1. HTN 2. edema 3. glaucoma 4. HF 5. kidney and liver problems 6. poison cases
50
Diuretics classification
1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 2. Loop diuretics 3. Thiazides diuretics 4. Potassium-sparing diuretics 5. Osmotic diuretics 6. Aldosterone receptor antagonists
51
Lipschitz value ≥ 1
POSITIVE diuretic effect
52
Lipschitz value ≥ 2
POTENT diuretic effect
53
drug with 1.8 Lipschitz value
HCTZ
54
drug with 4 Lipschitz value
furosemide
55
increase excretion of renal sodium
natriuretic
56
increase excretion of solute-free water
aquaretic
57
Most commonly used diuretic
thiazide
58
Drug of choice for hypertension without comorbidities
thiazide
59
May produce hypokalemia
thiazide
60
thiazide drugs (HICC)
HCTZ, Indapamide, Clopamide, Chlorthalidone
61
Inhibit the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2 cotransporter)
loop diuretics
62
risk of HYPERkalemia, do not produce HYPOkalemia
K-sparing diuretics
63
Inhibit aldosterone-sensitive sodium reabsorption, less potassium and hydrogen ion are exchanged --> less potassium and hydrogen are lost
K-sparing diuretics
64
May be used alone or in conjunction with loop or thiazide diuretics
K-sparing diuretics
65
K-sparing diuretics (TEAS)
Triamterene, Eplerenone, Amiloride, Spironolactone
66
a Potassium-sparing diuretic
aldosterone receptor antagonist
67
Does not act directly on the sodium transport but antagonizes actions of aldosterone
aldosterone receptor antagonist
68
Aldosterone receptor antagonist (ES)
Eplerenone, Spironolactone
69
Reduce formation of H+ and HCO3- from CO2 and H2O by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
70
enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction between the CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid and bicarbonate
carbonic anhydrase
71
Promotes renal Na+, K+, HCO3- and water excretion
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
72
Not typically used for their diuretic capacity
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
73
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (MAD)
Methazolamide, Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide
74
or the treatment and prevention of acute MOUNTAIN SICKNESS (aka ALTITUDE SICKNESS) and some types of epilepsy
Acetazolamide
75
treat certain INHERITED MUSCLE DISORDERS
Dichlorphenamide
76
Expand extracellular fluid and plasma volume to increase renal blood flow which dilutes urine in loop of Henle
osmotic diuretics
77
osmotic diuretics ____________________________ of blood and renal filtrate
increase osmolarity
78
osmotic diuretics are only given through ___________
IV
79
osmotic diuretic (M)
mannitol
80

PHA6126 LAB Pharmacology 2 (3 decks)

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