Ex. 6 - Toothpaste Flashcards
“powder for rubbing the teeth”
Dentrificum
This term came from the two words: Dentis (tooth) and fricare (to rub)
Dentrifices
T/F: Dentrifices are Agents used with a toothbrush to clean and polish the accessible surfaces of the teeth
true
T/F: The forms of dentrifices are pastes, powders, gels or liquid. However, the most important is the paste form because of its inherent consumer benefits, preferred dosage vehicle for special therapeutic and cosmetic agents.
True
Toothpaste: Functions
- To provide special _______ effect
- For teeth ________
- To ______ breath
- To ______ sensitivity of hypersensitive teeth
- To reduce ______
- To help prevent ______
- To promote ______ health (anti-gingivitis)
- To act as vehicles for abrasives to remove ____________
- To act as ________ to introduce active agents into the oral cavity
cleaning; freshen; reduce; plaque; caries/tartar; gum; stain pellicle; vehicle
These substances are used to reduce the hypersensitive teeth
potassium nitrate and stannous fluoride
this powder has special cleaning effects
baking soda
is a biofilm or mass of bacteria that grows on surfaces within the mouth.
dental plaque
Removal of dental biofilm is important as it may become ______ causing ________________ of the teeth also known as _______, or harden into _______________ (also known as tartar).
acidic; demineralization; caries; dental calculus
T/F: the bacteria in the dental plaque feeds on sugar that produces the acid
True
This exerts mechanical cleansing effect. Helps remove stained pellicle. Acts in concert with the toothbrush.
Abrasive
T/F: Particle size of abrasives are largely below 0.4 mm in diameter
True
is a protein film that forms on the surface enamel by selective binding of glycoproteins from saliva that
prevents continuous deposition of salivary calcium phosphate
dental pellicle
This abrasive agent is a polishing agents which makes up 0.2 to 0.6% of volume of toothpaste. It is present in small fractions (less than 1/10 of the weight of the principal abrasive) and the particle size is 0.2 micrometers
Titanium
Insoluble phosphate, Dicalcium phosphate (dihydrate and anhydrous), calcium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) calcium carbonate (precipitated chalk), hydrated silica, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, granular polyvinyl chloride
Abrasive
T/F: Typical dentifrices which have
significant consumer acceptability
are the toothpaste having a high
content of water-insoluble abrasive
such as dicalcium phosphate and sodium monofluorophosphate 0.2% in aqueous humectant base
True
- Surface active agent
- Has foaming and detergent properties
Foaming agent (surfactant)
sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, magnesium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, dioctylsulfosuccinate, sodium coconut monoglyceride sulfonate
Foaming agent (surfactant)
- Imparts pleasant taste sensation (cooling)
- Leave a residual freshness and cooling sensation
Flavoring agent
peppermint, spearmint, wintergreen, cinnamon, mint, thymol, menthol, clove oil, eucalyptol oil
Flavoring agent
T/F: Flavoring agents for children include special flavors, such as bubble gum and fruit aromas (mango, strawberry, apple, and banana)
True
- Sweetens the taste
- Non fermentable sugar
Sweetening agent
sodium saccharin (most widely used), sorbitol, mannitol, glycerin, acesulfame, aspartame
Sweetening agent
Maintain moisture and consistency of paste by absorbing moisture from air
Humectant
T/F: Humectants also provide a creamy base which resists drying out. It can also be a vehicle where other ingredients can be suspended or dissolved.
True
T/F: Humectants are 15 to 80% of total vehicle
False. 5 to 35%
glycerol, 70% sorbitol,PG, PEG, mannitol
Humectant
- Maintains the PASTY consistency of the preparation
- Develops a cohesive structure with desired rheological properties
- hydrophilic colloids that disperse and swell in the water phase
Binder/Gelling Agent/Thickeners
synthetic cellulose derivatives (CMC,MC,HEC), alginates, gums, carrageenan or calcium, carrageenate, carbomer; polyacrylates, clays (both natural processed bentonite and
synthetic clays), precipitated silica
Binder/Gelling Agent/Thickeners
- to provide a pleasant appearance
Coloring agent
mica, organic pigments, such as Blue 1and Red 33, Titanium dioxide (white color)
Coloring agent
Prevents bacterial growth on binding agent
Preservative
T/F: Toothpaste without ionic surfactants are formulated with preservatives (approx. 0.2% w/w) to prevent bacterial growth for long term storage
True
sodium benzoate, dichlorophene, ethyl and methyl paraben; formaldehyde
Preservative
Active agents
Whitening agents
Water
Special additives
to provide therapeutic and/ or other special benefits
Active agents
Active agents such as Fluoride compounds like _______________ or ______________ for effective control of dental caries and tooth decay
stannous fluoride; sodium fluoride
This special additive assists in formulation
Water
What type of toothpaste based on formulation that has a low abrasive level and high humectant level? This is also for people with high sensitivity
Type I
What type of toothpaste based on formulation that has a high abrasive level and low humectant level? This is also for people who wants to remove tartar or dental plaque
Type II
Characteristics of toothpaste
T/F: The toothpaste should penetrate into the bristle of the brush, which should form a string when finger is pulled away from ribbon.
False. Does not penetrate into the bristle of the brush, does not form a string
Toothpaste rheology
T/F: Becomes deformed and flowable with application of minimal stress. Reestablishes its original structure almost instantaneously
True
T/F: A heterogenous ribbon is formed upon extrusion from the container
False. Homogenous
T/F: The paste freely flows from open container in the absence of an extrusion pressure.
False. Does not flow
T/F: A pressure of a squeeze of a whole hand is required to extrude the paste
False. minimal effort must be required
T/F: The extruded ribbon of the paste breaks sharply and cleanly onto the toothbrush.
True
T/F: The paste disperse quickly in the mouth and does not feel gummy. The flavor should also release quickly
True
T/F: The foam rinses from the mouth easily, leaving no residual gummy feeling in the mouth. In addition, spittle is easily rinsed from the sink.
True
T/F: Dispensing of the paste is
incompatible with the dispensing mechanism.
False. Compatible
Toothpaste Quality Parameters
1.Spreadability
2. Extrudability
3.Foaming property
4.Flavor
5. Preservative Efficacy
6. Viscosity
7.Color
8.pH
Efficacy(Performance) Parameters
1.Antimicrobial activity
2.Whitening activity
3.Hypersensitivity reduction
