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2nd Shifting PHA6133 LAB > Ex. 4 - Moisturizing Cream > Flashcards

Ex. 4 - Moisturizing Cream Flashcards

1
Q

Designed to improve the skin quality, maintain and/or restore the moisture content of stratum corneum as well as keep it smooth and pliable, and aid in alleviating the symptoms of dry skin.

A

Moisturizers

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2
Q

Dry skin is an uncomfortable condition marked by _______, ________, and _______

A

scaling, itching, and cracking

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3
Q

Major types of moisturizers

A
  • Humectants
  • Emollients
  • Occlusives
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4
Q

Draws water into the outer layer of the skin from the air or underlying layers of the skin

A

Humectants

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5
Q

Examples of humectants

A

Glycerin, sorbitol, urea, and
sodium lactate

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6
Q

Work by forming an oily layer on the top of the skin that traps water in the skin.

A

Emollients

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7
Q

Examples of emollients

A

Hydrocarbons, fatty acids, vegetable oils, and waxes

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8
Q

Examples of hydrocarbons

A

Mineral oil, Petrolatum

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9
Q

Examples of fatty acids

A

Stearic acid, linoleic acid,
lauric acid

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10
Q

Example of vegetable oil

A

almond oil

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11
Q

Examples of waxes

A

Beeswax, carnauba wax,
polyethylene wax, cetyl alcohol

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12
Q

Create a hydrophobic barrier to physically block transepidermal water loss

A

occlusives

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13
Q

Examples of occlusives

A

Petrolatum, Silicon Derivatives
such as dimethicone

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14
Q

T/F: Emollients add hydration from their formulation to soften and soothe the skin

A

True

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15
Q

T/F: Majority of moisturizing formulations are emulsions.

A

True

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16
Q

Stabilizes the formulation. Has a large impact on the rheological properties of the formulation

A

Emulsifiers and thickening agents

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17
Q

Most common examples of emulsifiers

A

Cationic emulsifiers, Nonionic, and polymeric surfactants

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18
Q

T/F: Thickening agents have a minor role in the skin feel of emulsions

A

False. They have an important role

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19
Q

Examples of hydrophilic thickening agents

A

Gums (Xanthan gum), Cellulose derivatives, and acrylic polymers

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20
Q

Examples of liposoluble thickening agents

A

Waxes (cetyl alcohol)

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21
Q

T/F: Creams are W/O while ointments are O/W

A

False. Creams are O/W while ointments are W/O

22
Q

In the perspective of moisturizers, thickening agents are called __________

A

texturizing agents

23
Q

Inhibit bacterial growth in the formulation and prevent microbiological deterioration

A

Preservatives

24
Q

Examples of preservatives

A

Parabens, methylisothiazolidone

25
Q

This preservative is documented to have adverse reactions, where higher concentrations are carcinogenic

A

Parabens

26
Q

Prevent oxidization of sensitive components and thus rancidity

A

Antioxidants

27
Q

Examples of antioxidants

A

BHT and BHA

28
Q

What are the functional ingredients?

A

natural additives, vitamins, peptides and proteins, hydroxy acids, and B-glucans

29
Q

Examples of natural additives

A

Fruit and vegetable extracts

30
Q

Examples of vitamins

A

Vitamins A and E, and Panthenol

31
Q

This functional ingredient has antioxidant effects, improve the skin tone, and reduce wrinkles

A

Vitamins

32
Q

Examples of peptides and proteins

A

Collagen, Hyaluronic acids, Milk proteins

33
Q

This functional ingredient gives soft and smooth feeling

A

peptides and proteins

34
Q

This cosmetic additive improve the overall aesthetic qualities of moisturizer products

A

fragrances

35
Q

this cosmetic additive is usually soft in color for moisturizers

A

coloring agents

36
Q

This cosmetic additive gives Consumer acceptance and aesthetic purpose. Pearlescent pigments, soft-feeling agents, opacifying agents.

A

Aesthetic agents

37
Q

Examples of opacifying agents under cosmetic additives

A

titanium dioxide, glycol stearate

38
Q

T/F: In the manufacturing procedure, vigorous mixing shall be done when cooling to 40C

A

False. Gentle mixing only to prevent the formation of bubbles

39
Q

Packaging for moisturizers

A

Plastic bottles, soft tubes, and plastic and glass jars

40
Q

methods done to evaluate skin hydration of the moisturizer

A
  • Conductance method
  • Capacitance method
41
Q

Methods to measure transepidermal water loss

A
  • Open chamber devices (Evaporimeter®, Tewameter ®)
  • Closed chamber (VapoMeter®)
42
Q

What are the qualities to be observed when assessing skin surface (topography)

A
  • Roughness
  • Friction
  • Desquamation
  • Sebum
  • Elasticity
43
Q

T/F: As an efficacy parameter in aesthetic qualities, the appearance of the moisturizer must be assessed after introducing the moisturizer to the skin

A

True

44
Q

T/F: As an efficacy parameter in aesthetic qualities, greasiness should be kept at minimum.

A

True

45
Q

T/F: As an efficacy parameter in aesthetic qualities, in assessing slip, grittiness is also kept at minimum

A

False. There should be no grittiness

46
Q

For safety parameters, what are the ingredients causing safety concerns?

A
  • Fragrances
  • Lanolin
  • Urea
  • Propylene glycol
  • Herbal extracts
47
Q

T/F: Fragrances and herbal extracts cause allergic reactions

A

True

48
Q

T/F: In formulation, propylene glycol can be used 80%

A

False. Until 30% w/v only

49
Q

What are the 3 methods in quality parameters that determines the emulsion type?

A
  • Conductivity measurement
  • Solubility
  • Dispersion by dilution
50
Q

Bonus question: Who has the most moisturized skin and is always everyday glowing?

A

Andre Martin E. Marapao

2nd Shifting PHA6133 LAB (4 decks)

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