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2nd Shifting PHA6133 LAB > Ex. 3 - Hand Sanitizing Gels > Flashcards

Ex. 3 - Hand Sanitizing Gels Flashcards

1
Q

Hand sanitizers are applied to _______ (dry/wet) hands followed by rubbing

A

dry

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2
Q

These are used to remove microorganisms from the hands with the intent of preventing infections and reducing the spread of infectious diseases.

A

Hand sanitizers

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3
Q

Deliver an immediate benefit but provide no residual activity and contains either ethanol or isopropyl alcohol

A

Alcohol-based

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4
Q

Alcohol-based formulations contain at least ____(%) alcohol

A

62%

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5
Q

Alcohol-based formulations are most effective at ___ - ___(%)

A

60-95%

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6
Q

Alcohol-based, supplemented have antimicrobial agents that provide more persistent activity, delaying the reestablishment of _________________

A

transient microbiota

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7
Q

Alcohol-based, supplemented contains ____(%) alcohol plus antimicrobial agent

A

62%

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8
Q

These are alcohol-free, contains water, surfactant, and antimicrobial ingredients such as benzalkonium chloride and triclosan

A

Water-based

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9
Q

Water-based formulations must take into consideration the ____________ of antimicrobial active

A

bioavailability

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10
Q

Water-based formulations have the advantage of no ____________

A

drying effect

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11
Q

the difference between FORMULATION 1 and FORMULATION 2 in the WHO-recommended Handrub Formulations

A

Difference in supplemented alcohol. Formulation 1 uses Ethanol 96% (80% v/v), while Formulation 2 uses Isopropyl alcohol 99.8% (75% v/v)

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12
Q

A dispersion system composed of small or large molecules dispersed throughout a liquid vehicle

A

Gels

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13
Q

Gels can be classified based on:

A

Colloidal phases, nature of solvent used, physical nature, and rheological properties

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14
Q

single- or two-phase system

A

Colloidal phases

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15
Q

hydrogel or organogel, xerogel

A

Nature of solvent used

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16
Q

plastic, pseudoplastic, or thixotropic

A

rheological properties

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17
Q

are also referred to as shear-thinning fluids. The viscosity of these fluids will increase with increasing shear rate.

A

pseudoplastic

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18
Q

having a viscosity that decreases when a stress is applied, as when stirred

A

thixotropic

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19
Q

Ingredients Generally Recognized As Safe and Effective (GRASE) for claimed therapeutic indication. Can be used in formulations, documented to be safe

A

Category I

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20
Q

Ingredients generally not recognized as safe and effective or have unaccepted indications (not GRASE). Cannot be included in a formulation

A

Category II

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21
Q

Insufficient data available to permit final classification. Can be used in formulations, however, it is monitored by post-marketing surveillance. It will be removed if it is documented to be harmful

A

Category III

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22
Q

Antimicrobial agents for alcohol-based formulations

A

Ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propanol, hydrogen peroxide

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23
Q

Antimicrobial agents for water-based formulations

A

Benzalkonium chloride, triclosan

24
Q

Synthetic polymers

A

Carbomers, polyacrylates, poloxamer, polyvinyl alcohol

25
Q

Natural polymers

A

Carrageenan, chitosan, collagen, guar gum, xanthan gum, dextran, cellulose derivatives

26
Q

Also known as thickening agents. Used to enhance the viscosity of the product and stabilizers

A

Gelling agents

27
Q

Gelling agents are added in concentrations mostly less than ____(%) (usually 0.3%-2%)

A

10%

28
Q

Semi-synthetic polymers

A

Cellulose derivatives: Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Ethyl Cellulose, Hydroxyethyl Cellulose, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, Methyl Cellulose, Sodium Alginate

29
Q

Added to reduce dryness brought by alcohol in alcohol-based formulation. Retains natural moisture of the skin

A

Skin conditioning agents

30
Q

Examples of skin conditioning agents

A

Aloe vera, glycerin, propylene glycol, isopropyl myristate, vitamin E

31
Q

To avoid skin irritation

A

pH modifying agent

32
Q

For water-based formulation, a ____ (high/low) pH matrix is used

A

low

33
Q

pH modifying agent examples

A

Citric acid, triethanolamine

34
Q

the gelling function of carbomer is observed when it is paired with ________

A

triethanolamine

35
Q

For aesthetic and product identification purposes and consumer acceptance only.

A

Fragrance and colorants

36
Q

In using fragrance and colorants, consideration on __________ is important

A

allergic reactions

37
Q

T/F: The colorant should not stay on the skin, this is why they shouldn’t be water soluble

A

False. Should be water soluble

38
Q

Use of 70% alcohol (ethanol)

A

antiseptic

39
Q

use of Carbomer 980

A

gelling agent

40
Q

use of glycerin in the formulation

A

emollient

41
Q

Use of 0.15% Aminomethyl propanol

A

pH adjuster (Qs to pH 4)

42
Q

Use of deionized water

A

Vehicle

43
Q

Packaging for Hand Sanitizing Gels

A

Plastic bottles
* Screw top
* Disc top
* Flip-flop cap
* Pumphead

44
Q

Disperse Carbomer 980 onto rapidly agitated ethanol. This should be done _______ (quickly/slowly) to hasten the dispersion process.

A

slowly

45
Q

Product evaluation for antimicrobial activity

A

In vitro and In vivo

46
Q

In vitro tests

A
  • Determination of MIC
  • Time-kill studies
47
Q

In vivo test for E. coli

A

Bactericidal Test (EN 1500)

48
Q

Fingerpad method for viruses

A

ASTM E-1838

49
Q

Fingerpad method for bacteria

A

ASTM E-2276

50
Q

Fingerpad method for fungi

A

ASTM E-2613

51
Q

Whole hand method for viruses

A

ASTM E-2011

52
Q

Safety parameters for hand sanitizing gels

A
  • Alcohol content
  • Methanol and 1-propanol content
53
Q

Quality Parameters

A
  • Organoleptic Properties
  • Rheologic Properties
  • Spreadability
  • Extrudability
  • pH
  • Specific gravity
  • Moisture (water) content
  • Preservative efficacy
54
Q

T/F: gel should be translucent when it comes to its organoleptic properties

A

True

55
Q

The “squeezability” of the product, which inspects both the product and container

A

Extrudability

56
Q

Bonus question: Who has the cleanest, softest, and prettiest hands?

A

Andre Martin E. Marapao

2nd Shifting PHA6133 LAB (4 decks)

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