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Microbio > Ex 1: Immunology 1 Introduction to the immune system > Flashcards

Ex 1: Immunology 1 Introduction to the immune system Flashcards

1
Q

What is immunity?

A

resistance to infectious disease

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2
Q

What is an immune response?

A

coordinated reaction of the immune system to infectious microbes

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2
Q

What is Immunology?

A

study of the immune system, including its responses to microbial pathogens and damaged tissues and its role in disease

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2
Q

What is the main role of the immune system that is discussed in this class?

A

defense against infections

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3
Q

What is the immune system?

A

collection of cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate resistance to infections

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4
Q

What can a deficient immune system result in?

A

increased susceptibility to infections

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5
Q

What is used to boost immune defenses and protects against infections?

A

Vaccination

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6
Q

What cells are part of the innate immune response?

A
  • Epithelial barriers
  • Phagocytes and Sentinel cells (Neutrophils, Monocytes / Macrophages, Dendritic cells)
  • Complement
  • Natural Killer (NK) cells.
  • IFN α/β (Type I interferons)
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7
Q

Is the innate immune system specific to antigens?

A

No!

  • recognizes “Pathogen -associated molecular patterns” (PAMPs) that are shared by many different microbes, and Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)
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8
Q

Genes encoding receptors that recognize PAMPs are present in the…

A

germ line

  • they do not use somatic recombination or hyper mutation
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9
Q

What does the innate immune response do in terms of clonal expansion, self reactive, and memory?

A

No clonal expansion
Nonreactive to self
No memory

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10
Q

What are the two parts of the adaptive immune system?

A
  • humoral response
  • cell-mediated response
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11
Q

What are the cells of the adaptive immune system?

A

Humoral response
- Antibodies produced by B cells

Cell-mediated response
- Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)
- Helper T cells

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12
Q

How long does it take for the adaptive immune response to become effective?

A

days to weeks

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13
Q

Functional genes encoding antigen
receptors are or are not present in the germ line?

A

ARE NOT

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14
Q

What does the adaptive immune response recognize?

A
  • highly antigen-specific
  • Recognizes specific epitopes on specific proteins of specific pathogens
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15
Q

Functional antigen receptor genes are generated by somatic recombination and mutation of germ line genes during maturation of B cells and T cells before or after exposure to antigens?

A

before!

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16
Q

Clonal selection and proliferation of B and T lymphocytes specific for particular antigens before or after exposure to antigens?

A

after exposure to antigens

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17
Q

What does the adaptive immune response do in terms of clonal expansion, self reactive, and memory?

A
  • clonal selection
  • nonreactive to self
  • has immunologic “memory”
18
Q

What does the humoral immunity do?

A
  • block infections and eliminate extracellular microbes
19
Q

What does the cell-mediated immunity do?

A
  • elimination of phagocytosed microbes
  • kill infected cells and eliminate reservoirs of infection
20
Q

What is the specificity part of the adaptive immune response?

A

ensures the distinct antigens elicit specific responses

21
Q

What is the diversity part of the adaptive immune response?

A

enables immune system to respond to a large variety of antigens

22
Q

What is the clonal expansion part of the adaptive immune response?

A

increased number of antigen-specific lymphocytes from a small number of naive lymphocytes

23
Q

What is the memory part of the adaptive immune response?

A

leads to enhanced responses to repeated exposures to the same antigens

24
Q

What is the specialization part of the adaptive immune response?

A

generates responses that are optimal for defense against different types of microbes

25
Q

What is the contraction and homeostasis part of the adaptive immune response?

A

allows immune system to respond to newly encountered antigens

26
Q

What is the nonreacticity to self part of the adaptive immune response?

A

prevents injury to the host during responses to foreign antigens

27
Q

What are the steps of clonal selection?

A
  • lymphocyte clones with diverse receptors arise in lymph organs
  • clones of mature lymphocytes specific for many antigens lymph tissues
  • antigen-specific clones are activated by antigens
  • antigen-specific immune responses occur
28
Q

What do B lymphocytes do?

A

mediators of humoral immunity

29
Q

What do T lymphocytes do?

A
  • mediators of cell-mediated immunity
  • activation of phagocytes, killing infected cells
30
Q

What do dendritic cells do?

A

initiation of T cell responses

31
Q

What do macrophages do?

A
  • effector phase of cell-mediated immunity
  • phagocytosis and killing of microbes
32
Q

What do follicular dendritic cells do?

A

display of antigens to B lymphocytes in humoral immune responses

33
Q

What do granulocytes do?

A

killing microbes

34
Q

What is the key mediator of the adaptive immune response?

A

B lymphocyte

35
Q

Where do B lymphocytes mature?

A

bone marrow

36
Q

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

A

thymus

37
Q

Where do mature B and T lymphocytes circulate?

A
  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
  • mucosal and cutaneous lymphoid tissues
38
Q

What cell type is in the parafollicular cortex of the lymph node?

A

T cell

39
Q

What cell type is in the lymphoid follicle of the lymph node?

A

B cell

40
Q

What cells enter and pass through the lymph node quickly?

A

effector/memory T cells

41
Q

What cells enter and pass through the lymph node slowly?

A

Naive T cell

42
Q

What does the adaptive immune system secrete?

A

(secreted antibodies, phagocytes & helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells)

43
Q

Does active immunity have specificity and memory?

A

Yes both

44
Q

Does passive immunity have specificity and memory?

A

Specificity but not memory

Microbio (11 decks)

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