EWT - Misleading Information

Question 1

Who researched into leading questions

Answer 1

Loftus and Palmer

Question 2

Loftus and Palmer procedure

Answer 2

45 ppts put into five groups. Ppts watch clips of car accidents and were asked questions about it. They were all asked about how fast the cars were going with a different critical verb for each group (hit, bumped, collided, smashed and contacted).

Question 3

Loftus and Palmer findings

Answer 3

Group with word contacted had the lowest average estimated speed of 31.8mph and smashed had the highest estimated - 40.5 mph

Question 4

Why do leading questions affect EWT? (2)

Answer 4

Response-bias explanation and substitution explanation

Question 5

Response-bias explantion

Answer 5

Suggests the wording of the question has no real effect on the ppts memory, but influences how they decide to answer.

Question 6

Substitution explanation

Answer 6

Suggests that the wording of a leading question changes the ppts memory of the event.

Question 7

Who researched Post-event discussion

Answer 7

Gabbert et al.

Question 8

Gabbert et al. procedure

Answer 8

Studied ppts in pairs, each ppt watched the same crime from different povs. The ppts discussed what they saw before completing a recall test

Question 9

Gabbert et al. findings

Answer 9

71% of ppts recalled aspects of the event they didn’t see. Control group recalled 0% of what they didn’t see.

Question 10

Why post-event discussion affects EWT? (2)

Answer 10

Memory contamination and memory conformity

Question 11

Memory contamination

Answer 11

When co-witnesses discuss the event ewts may be altered or distorted

Question 12

Memory conformity

Answer 12

witnesses going along with offers for social approval or to appear as correct