Evolutionary Processes

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

A localized group of individuals belonging to the same species

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

A group of populations that have the potential to interbreed in nature

Question 3

Gene Pool

Answer 3

The sum of all the alleles of all the genes of all the individuals in a population

Question 4

Evolution

Answer 4

The generation to generation changes in a population’s genetic structure

Question 5

Natural Selection

Answer 5

The differential reproduction of genotypes based on their genetic constitution

Question 6

Mutation

Answer 6

Inheritable changes in the genotype. At the gene level or chromosome level

Question 7

Genetic Drift

Answer 7

The change in a gene pool owing to chance processes

Question 8

Founder Effect

Answer 8

Type of genetic drift that occurs as the result of the founding of a population by a small number of individuals

Question 9

Bottleneck Effect

Answer 9

Type of genetic drift that occurs when envr factors suddenly decrease population size

Question 10

Random Mating

Answer 10

mates chosen at random from a population

Question 11

Non-Random Mating

Answer 11

3 different types:
outbreeding
inbreeding
self-pollination

Question 12

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 12

Speciation induced by geographical or physical separation of the ancestral population
~geographical isolation

Question 13

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 13

The evolution from one kind of organism to several divergent forms, each specialized to fit a distinct and diverse way of life.
~A.P. speciation on overdrive.
ex. islands

Question 14

Sympatric Speciation

Answer 14

formation of new species entirely within the geographical range of its parental form
~no geographical isolation
~done through polyploidy

Question 15

Polyploidy

Answer 15

An organism, tissue, or cell with more than two complete sets of chromosomes.
Derived from one species = autopolyploids
Derived from two parental species = allopolyploids

Question 16

5 prezygotic mechanisms that prevent mating or successful fertilization

Answer 16

1. Geographical Isolation
2. Microhabitat Isolation
3. Temporal Isolation
4. Mechanical Isolation
5. Gametic Isolation

Question 17

3 postzygotic mechanisms that prevent production of fertile adults

Answer 17

1. Hybrid Inviability
2. Hybrid Sterility
3. Hybrid breakdown

Question 18

Gradualism

Answer 18

The accumulation of many small changes in the frequencies of alleles in the gene pool

Question 19

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 19

A model stating that long geological time periods with little or no evolutionary change are punctuation by periods of rapid evolution