Evolutionary Principles

Question 1

Speciation

Answer 1

The formation of a new species

Question 2

Adaption

Answer 2

Any characteristic that makes an organism more suited to its environment

Question 3

Fitness

Answer 3

the reproductive sucess of an individual relative to other members of the population

Question 4

Artificial Selection

Answer 4

Breed selected animals with particular traits to reproduce

Question 5

Fossile Record

Answer 5

Fossils trapped in rock strata

Question 6

Vestigial Structures

Answer 6

anatomical features that are fully developed in one group of organisms but reduced and nonfunctional in other, similar groups.

Question 7

Homologous Structures

Answer 7

Anatomically similar structures explainiable by inheritence from a common ancestor

Question 8

Analogous Structures

Answer 8

Not constructed similarly, and do not have common ancestry.

Question 9

Biogeography

Answer 9

The study of the distribution of life-forms on Earth

Question 10

Fossils

Answer 10

The remains of once living species often found in strata.

Question 11

Strata

Answer 11

Layers of rocks formed from sedimentary material

Question 12

Natural Selection

Answer 12

Process that results in the evolution of organisms well adapted to their environments.

Question 13

Uniformitarianism

Answer 13

Slow changes occur at a uniform rate

Question 14

_________ developed the idea that acquired characteristics can be inherited?

Answer 14

Lamarck

Question 15

The variations necessary for natural selection…

Answer 15

Occur Randomly
Influenced by the environment
Caused by mutation
Caused by recombination during meiosis

Question 16

Which is most likely to be favored during natural selection, but not artificial selection?

Answer 16

Efficiant seed disperal

Question 17

Natural selection is the only process that results in?

Answer 17

Addaption to the environment

Question 18

Why was it helpful to Darwin to learn that Lyell concluded the earth was very old?

Answer 18

It meant there was enough time for evolution to have occured slowly.

Question 19

All the finches on the Galapagos Island….?

Answer 19

Are decended from a common ancestor and therefore are related and they rarely compete for the same food source

Question 20

Evolution is considered a?

Answer 20

Theory because it is supported by multiple types of data

Question 21

Catastraphist were not able to explain

Answer 21

Multiple extinctions
The replacement of one group of organisms by another
Successive changes that link groups of organisms in the fossil record

Question 22

Fossils that serve as transistional links allow scientist to?

Answer 22

Deduce the order in which various groups of animals arose

Question 23

Among vertebrates, the flipper of a dolphin and the fin of a tuna are?

Answer 23

Homologous structures

Question 24

According to the inheritence of acquired characteristics hypothesis..?

Answer 24

If a man loses a hand, then his children will also be missing a hand.
Changes in phenotypes are passed on by way of the genotype to the next generation.
Organisms are able to bring about a change in their phenotype.
Evolution is striving towards particular traits.

Question 25

Organisms?

Answer 25

Compete with other members of their species.
Differ in fitness.
Addapted to their environment.
Are related be descent from common ancestors.

Question 26

DNA nucleotide differences between organisms

Answer 26

Indicate how closely related they are.
Indicate that evolution occurs.
Explain why there are phenotype differences.
Are to be expected.

Question 27

The fossil record offers direct evidence for common descent because you can?

Answer 27

See that the types of fossils change over time.
Sometimes find common ancestors.
Trace the ancestory of a particular group.
Trace the biological history of living things.

Question 28

Molecular evidence is increasingly used today to establish relationships because?

Answer 28

Genes are composed of DNA

Question 29

For there to be homologous structures..

Answer 29

A common ancestor had to have existed