Chapter 15 Evolutionary Principles: Speciation

Question 1

Natural Selection

Answer 1

The process that results in adaption of a population to the biotic and abiotic environments.

Question 2

Directional Selection

Answer 2

Occurs when an extreme phenotype is favored and the disruption curve shifts in that direction.

Question 3

Stabalizing Selection

Answer 3

Occurs when an intermediate phenotype is favored

Question 4

Disruptive Selection

Answer 4

Two or more extreme phenotypes are favored over any intermediate phenotype

Question 5

Fitness

Answer 5

The ability to to produce surviving offspring

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

All the members of a single species occupying a particular area at the same time and reproducing with another

Question 7

Microevolution

Answer 7

Small, measurable evolutionary changes within a population from generation to generation

Question 8

Population Genetics

Answer 8

The various alles at all the gene loci in all individuals make up make up the gene pool of the population

Question 9

Industrial Melanism

Answer 9

An increase in the frequency of phenotype frequencies

Question 10

Gene Flow

Answer 10

The movement of alleles among populations by migration of breeding individuals

Question 11

Mutations

Answer 11

Permanent genetic changes, are the raw material for evolutionary change

Question 12

Subspecies

Answer 12

Different populations withing the same species

Question 13

Nonrandom Mating

Answer 13

Inbreeding, or mating between relatives

Question 14

Assortive Mating

Answer 14

When idividuals tend to mate with those that have the same phenotype with respect to certain characteristics

Question 15

Sexual Selection

Answer 15

Favors characteristics that increase the likelihood of obtaining mates, and in this way promotes nonrandom mating

Question 16

Genetic Drift

Answer 16

Changes in the allele frequencies of a gene pool due to chance

Question 17

Bottleneck Effect

Answer 17

Prevents the majority of genotypes from participating in the production of the next generation

Question 18

Founder Effect

Answer 18

An example of genetic drift in which rare alleles, or combinations of alleles, occur at a higher rate frequency in a population isolated from the general population

Question 19

A population consist of 48 AA, 54 Aa, and 22 aa individuals. What is the frequency of the A alleles?

Answer 19

.60 (Hardy Weinberg Equation)

Question 20

What is the equation for the Hardy-Weinberg priniple?

Answer 20

p^2+2 pq+q^2

Question 21

Typically, mutations are immediatly expressed and tested by the environment in?

Answer 21

Prokaryotes

Question 22

The offspring of better adapted individuals are expected to make up a larger proportion of the next generation. The most likely explination is?

Answer 22

Mutations and natural selection

Question 23

The northeastern elephant seal went through a sevear population decline as a result of hunting in the late 1800’s. The population has rebounded but is now homozygous for nearly every gene studied. This is an example of?

Answer 23

A bottleneck

Question 24

What generally results in a net gain in genetic variability?

Answer 24

Mutation

Question 25

A small, reproductively isolated religious sect called the Dunkers was esablished by 27 families that came to the united states from Germany 200 years ago. The frequencies for blood group alleles in this population differ significantly from those in the general U.S. population. This is an example of?

Answer 25

The founder effect

Question 26

Assuming a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 21% of the population is homozygous, 50% is heterozygous, and 29% is homozygous recessive. What percentage of the next generation is predicted to be homozygous recessive?

Answer 26

29%

Question 27

When a population is small, there is a greater chance of?

Answer 27

Genetic Drift

Question 28

What is not expected to help maintain genectic variablility?

Answer 28

Gene flow

Question 29

The sickle cell allele is maintained in regions where malaria is prevalent because?

Answer 29

The allele confers resistance to the parasite