Chapter 16: Evolutionary Principles 3

Question 1

Macroevolution

Answer 1

Large changes over a very long period of time

Question 2

Speciation

Answer 2

The splitting of species into two or more new species

Question 3

Common Ancestor

Answer 3

A single ancestor for two or more different groups

Question 4

Prezygotic isolating mechanism

Answer 4

Prevent reproductive attempts to make it unlikely that fertilization will be successful if mating is attempted

Question 5

Postzygotic isolating mechanism

Answer 5

Prevent hybrid offspring from developing or breeding, even if reproduction attemps have been successful

Question 6

Allopatric speciation

Answer 6

A speciation model based on geographic isolation of populations

Question 7

Sympatric speciation

Answer 7

A population develops into two or more reproductively isolated groups without prior geographic isolation

Question 8

Adaptive radiation

Answer 8

New species evolve from a single ancestral species

Question 9

Evoluntionary tree

Answer 9

The gradualism model often shows the evolutionary history of groups of organisms

Question 10

Mass extinctions

Answer 10

Disappearances of a large number of species or a higher taxonomic group within a short period of time

Question 11

Taxon

Answer 11

an organism or a group of organisms at a particular level in a classification system

Question 12

Phylogeny

Answer 12

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms`

Question 13

Systematics

Answer 13

Dedicated to understanding the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

Question 14

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 14

A diagram that indicates common ancestors and lines of decents

Question 15

Convergent evolution

Answer 15

acquisition of the same or similar traits in distantly related lines of decent

Question 16

Cladistics

Answer 16

A way to trace the evolutionary hostory of a group by using shared traits derived from a common ancestor to determine relationships

Question 17

Cladogram

Answer 17

Depicts the evolutionary history of a group on the avaliable data

Question 18

Clade

Answer 18

Includes a common ancestor and all of its descendent species

Question 19

Five-Kingdom System

Answer 19

Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes, Archea, Eukarya, and Bacteria

Question 20

Three-Domain System

Answer 20

Domain Bacteria, domain Archea, and domain Eukarya

Question 21

A biological species?

Answer 21

Is reproductivly isolated from other species

Question 22

Transistional links are least likely to be found if evolution proceeds according to the?

Answer 22

Punctuated equilibrium model

Question 23

What statement best pertains to taxonomy?

Answer 23

Species share ancestral triats but may have their own unique derived traits

Question 24

Name the three domains.

Answer 24

Bacteria, Archea, and Eukarya

Question 25

One benefit of the fossil record is?

Answer 25

Fossils can be dated

Question 26

The discovery of common ancestors in the fossil record, the presence of homologies, and other molecular data similarities help scientist determine?

Answer 26

How to classify organsims.
The proper cladogram.
How to construct phylogenetic trees.
How evolution occured.

Question 27

In cladistic..

Answer 27

A clade must contain the common ancestor plus all of its decendants.
Shared delivered characteristics help construct cladograms.
The principles of parismony states that the simpler hypothesis is prefered.
The species in a clade share homologous structures.