Evolution Terms Flashcards
Reproductively isolated
Species
What are the three genetic factors within a species
- Nonviable (offspring die)
- (Infertile) offspring are unable to reproduce
- Behavioral, geographical, and physical
Another name for breeding
Artificial selection
The study of similar characteristics between organisms
Homology
This is what made Darwin think that all organism were from a similar ansestor
If you look back at bones of ancient organisms, there are more similarities than there are between bones today
Fossil record
What did scientist LaMarck believe?
Changes you made to yourself during your lifetime are passed on to offspring
It is passed on through populations, not through individuals
Adaptation
Like the finch beaks
How a population changes over time
Natural selection
What are the five components of natural selection?
- More offspring born than survive?
- Not all the offspring are the same (variation)
- Some traits helps an organism survive and the same treat helps another organism die
- Different survivability
- Different reproduction changes (Gene frequency)
what favors traits best suitable for a specific environment?
Natural selection
What are the two ways variation occurs?
- Genetic randomness/combinations
2. Mutations
What is evolution?
Changes in gene frequency
When does genetic randomness occur (2 occasions)
a) meiosis- different gamete combos
b) prophase 1 of meiosis (crossing over and shuffling)
What are the four ways of mutation?
Inversion, duplication, deletion, translocation
What is it called when the species spread out to different environments and the environment selects which trait is best suitable (dominant traits)
Adaptive radiation
When 2 different species become very similar because they share an environment
(If the environment changes, the organisms adapt similarly)
Convergence
Over time one species ends up in two different locations and become more different
Divergence
Where two similar species in the same environment share similar changes at the same time
Parallel evolution
Where one species changes because another species changes
Co evolution
Adaptation happens….
With a population over a long time period
Natural selection is how Darwin proposed…
That there could be changes like adaptation
In the fossil record, there tend to be long periods of ball ands, and the suddenly, lots of change
Punctuated equilibrium
There weren’t many animals on earth the suddenly lots of different species showed up
Cambodian explosion
How evolution happens
Evolution mechanism
