Evolution, selection and genes

Question 1

Mendelian genetics (sv: mendelsk genetik)

Answer 1

The theory of how DNA works in terms of giving phenotypical output - i.e the parents give DNA to the offspring and the predisposition is coded from the DNA pairs from parents.

Question 2

Allele (sv: allel)

Answer 2

a variation of the same sequence of nucleotides at the same place on a long DNA molecule

Question 3

Meiosis (sv: meios)

Answer 3

Creation of sex chromosomes

Question 4

Codon (sv: kodon)

Answer 4

specify which amino acid will be added next during protein biosynthesis

Question 5

ATG

Answer 5

the starting code of the gene

Question 6

TAA

Answer 6

the stopping code of the gene

Question 7

Fitness

Answer 7

“survival of the fittest” - those with highest fitness are those best at adapting to a specific environment

Question 8

Inclusive fitness

Answer 8

“i would gladly lay down my life for two brothers or eight cousins” - it is about your genes surviving, not necessarily through you but through your kin too. important term because unlike the theory of fitness it explains altruism.

Question 9

spandrill

Answer 9

some things may not be in line with fitness, but just a consequence of genetic code. for example conciousness may not be something we have for a specific reason, but just a consequence of the way our mind works.