Evolution of sport

Question 1

social class in pre industrial Britain

Answer 1

upper class - more money to spend on expensive leisure activities so task where more sophisticated and civilised
lower class - worked long hours so didn’t have much time for sports - games where infrequent and only played on religious holidays

Question 2

sports played by lower and upper class in pre industrial Britain

Answer 2

upper class - cricket, tennis, fox hunting
lower class - mob football

Question 3

gender in pre industrial Britain

Answer 3

sports was mainly reserved for men as sorts tended to have a violent nature

Question 4

what sports could women take part in during pre industrial Britain

Answer 4

upper class women - could take part in sophisticated sports like archery
lower class women - could take part in smock races

Question 5

law and order in pre industrial Britain

Answer 5

limited laws was reflected through sports
lower class - sports was very violent
upper class avoided theses sports an they believe they where above the lower class

Question 6

education in pre industrial Britain

Answer 6

influenced who could play what sports
upper class - public schools and highly literate so could produce rules to keep games sophisticated
lower class - large scale of illiteracy so rules where very limited

Question 7

time in pre industrial Britain

Answer 7

upper class - lots of available time
lower class - worked long hours of hard manual labour so didn’t have time to play sports

Question 8

availability of money in pre industrial Britain

Answer 8

upper class - could pay for activities far away
lower class - had little disposable income so games where infrequent and made from natural materials

Question 9

transport in pre industrial Bitain

Answer 9

upper class - travel by horse and cart
lower class - little transport access
very poor road conditions

Question 10

social class in 19th century

Answer 10

upper class - more money to spend on expensive leisure activities meaning that tasks become more civilised and had specific rules
lower class - had limited time to take part in regular activities - played infrequent games

Question 11

sports played by upper and lower class in 19th century

Answer 11

upper class - tennis
lower class - mob football

Question 12

gender in 19th century

Answer 12

improved opportunity for women to take part in sport but still very limited - businesses fought for equal rights
women had to maintain a lady like manor
- no sweating
- belief sport could effect fertility
- no competition

Question 13

law and order in 19th century

Answer 13

society became more lawful - reflected in sports
- no longer lawful to destroy property in the act of sports
- In 1829 police force were introduced
- banned animal baiting and violent sports except boxing and fox hunting

Question 14

education in 19th century

Answer 14

1870 and 1891
education act was introduced which increased the for opportunity middle and lower class children

Question 15

time in the 19th century

Answer 15

working class citizens where now working 16 hours per day 7 days a week
- factory owners now respected time for physical activity so allowed employees to have a half day on Saturday where factory sports teams would play sports

Question 16

availability of money in 19th century

Answer 16

an increase in works wages ment that working class people where able to take part in more sports due to an increased domestic income

Question 17

transport in 19th century

Answer 17

huge impact of technological improvements post revolution
- games could be played further away and become more regular
development of trains ment that all classes where able to watch fixture’s

Question 18

public schools

Answer 18

place of old standing typically attended by the sons of gentlemen between 8 - 18
- they were exclusive to those of a higher economy
- fees to school and travel costs is what limited these schools to upper class

Question 19

Dr Thomas Arnald

Answer 19

ensured his pupils grew into moral Christian men
- he introduced sport as a mean of developing athleticism within the boys and society
- he removed fagging
- introduced sport to promote participation and promote values

Question 20

cult of athleticism

Answer 20

Athleticism was promoted in order to provide the boys with strong morals and follow them to develop morals within sport

Question 21

promotion of ethics

Answer 21

Participants where expected to display sportsmanship towards one another and also competitors

Question 22

promotion / organisation of sport

Answer 22

headmaster promoted sports and physical activity as a form of social control for unruly boys to give them an outlet for their energy and teach them valuable lessons

Question 23

spreading and export of games

Answer 23

public school boys left school and would attend university - Oxford or Cambridge - work in the armed forces or clergy and would take their knowledge of the rules of the game with them

Question 24

what happened in the 20th century

Answer 24

• Massive scientific and technological innovations - TV and penicillin
• Considerable growth of urbanisation - more players and spectators
• More time for leisure so participation had been increased

Question 25

social class in 20th century

Answer 25

divide was still present but was now blurred - middle class developed upper class - still had more time for sport lower class - became paid professionals high unemployment rate ment professionalism suffered

Question 26

gender in 20th century

Answer 26

participation of women had fallen drastically especially amongst the working class - crowded at football and rugby games was predominantly males dominates - working class women were excluded from professional sports by constraints of time and money

Question 27

law and order 20th century

Answer 27

the game fields where enclosed and had timetabled events for games and training pencilled in along side a written code of conduct - all cruel sports disappeared except fox hunting and shooting - players now wore numbers on their backs and there was a set number of players on each side - spectators now had to pay to watch

Question 28

education in 20th century

Answer 28

in 1944 the education act states schools now must also develop students physically alone side academically - Grammar Schools - Secondary Modern Schools - Secondary technical schools all schools now included P.E in curriculum

Question 29

time in 20th century

Answer 29

there is now more availability of time due to working shorter weeks and having a half day on Sturdays

Question 30

transport in 20th century

Answer 30

participation and spectator numbers increased due to people being able to travel further due to the development of - cars - planes - trains

Question 31

social class 21st century

Answer 31

still a vague social class division in the UK - stereotype that modern footballers are uneducated and are just working class people looking for fame - social mobility can be achieved through sport ‘rags to riches’ some sports are still associated with class systems - horse riding and upper class citizens

Question 32

gender in 21st century

Answer 32

males still have a higher participation and spectator rate than women - some sports are still considered to be unfeminine Promising signs for females - now have a much higher media coverage than a couple of years ago but is still significantly less than males

Question 33

law and order 21st century

Answer 33

many more specific and sophisticated rules that have been created - drug use has been clamped down on in the sporting world

Question 34

education in 21st century

Answer 34

primary, secondary, college and degree - more people are continuing P.E studies

Question 35

time in 21st century

Answer 35

flexible working conditions means that there is more time available for people to take part in sport which increases participation

Question 36

transport in 21st century

Answer 36

very strong public links Households now frequently own cars - have the ability to travel globally due to budget airlines making this accessible to all