Evolution of Life

Question 1

How many microorganism/mL in air?

Answer 1

10^3 to 10^4

Question 2

Size of bacteria and shapes?

Answer 2

2micro; rod, spherical

Question 3

Classification of life

Answer 3

Domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species

Question 4

Soil bacterium scientific name

Answer 4

Bacillus subtilis

Question 5

What qualifies as a living being?

Answer 5

Organisation, metabolism, homeostasis, growth, reproduction, response, adaptation

Question 6

Unicellular

Answer 6

Archea, bacteria, some eukarya (protists and yeasts)

Question 7

Multicellular

Answer 7

Eukarya (human body has 10^14 cells)

Question 8

Sizes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 8

1u ; 5-10u

Question 9

Microbiology is the study of what?

Answer 9

Prokaryotes and some eukaryotes (yeast, mold, fungi) but does not include animal and plant cells

Question 10

Breakdown of human body

Answer 10

Organ system, organ, tissues, cells and extra cellular matrix

Question 11

4 kinds of tissues in humans

Answer 11

Muscle, nervous, connective, epithelial

Question 12

Age of planet

Answer 12

4.6 billion years

Question 13

Earliest life forms (prokaryotes) are how old?

Answer 13

3.8 billion years

Question 14

Early humans appeared when?

Answer 14

5 million years

Question 15

How did life originate on Earth? Hypothesis 1

Answer 15

Organic molecules arose from simple molecules present in the ‘primitive soup’ of molecules. Energy could’ve been provided by UV or lightning
Miller and Urey’s abiotic synthesis experiment: They synthesized molecules that are relevant for life such as amino acids and hydrocarbons from abiotic molecules

Question 16

Where could’ve organic molecules formed?

Answer 16

Small pockets of reducing atmosphere, deep sea vents and volcanoes, extra-terrestrial sources

Question 17

Hypothesis 2?

Answer 17

Sydney Fox exp: Dripping organic monomers on hot iron pyrites, clay or sand produced polymers

Question 18

How did early cells form?

Answer 18

Protobiont theory: molecules got organized into pockets called protobionts that metabolised and reproduced

Question 19

How did higher cells form?

Answer 19

endo-symbiont theory: simple organisms joined to form larger ones

Question 20

What is evolution?

Answer 20

change in heritavle traits in a population

Question 21

Darwin’s observation on finches?

Answer 21

shape of beak depended on food

Question 22

Eukarya classified into?

Answer 22

Protists, fungi, plants, animals

Question 23

Famous island where Charles Darwin observed finches

Answer 23

Galapagos islands

Question 24

Generation of peppered moth

Answer 24

By the end of 19th century, they outnumbered light moths; a case of natural selection

Question 25

Types of selection?

Answer 25

Directional, stabilizing, diversifying