Cell Biology

Question 1

Epithelial cells function

Answer 1

Form protective barriers in tissues and may be specialised to absorb or secrete specific compounds

Question 2

Muscle cells function

Answer 2

responsible for movement of skeleton, heart and many internal organs

Question 3

nerve cells function

Answer 3

conduct electrical signals through body, control contraction of muscles and responsible for the 5 senses

Question 4

What are the 5 senses?

Answer 4

taste, touch, smell, sight, hearing

Question 5

connective tissue cells function

Answer 5

create extracellular material that holds cells together in a tissue and may be specialised to absorb or resist external forces (eg. tendons, vertebral discs, bones)

Question 6

Prokaryotic cells are:

Answer 6

Single celled organisms, can live and reproduce. They lack internal membrane bound (organelles) but have complex structure

Question 7

Abundant molecules in cells:

Answer 7

Water (70%), carbon based (lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides)

Question 8

DNA function & RNA function

Answer 8

Store info & access info

Question 9

Proteins act as?

Answer 9

Catalysts

Question 10

What are macromolecules?

Answer 10

Organic molecules that weigh more than 100,000 daltons and are synthesised from monomers

Question 11

Metabolic processes?

Answer 11

Dehydration and hydrolysis

Question 12

What is dehydration?

Answer 12

Glucose + glucose = maltose + water

Question 13

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 13

sucrose + water = glucose

Question 14

polysaccharides comprise of

Answer 14

sugars + glycosidic linkage

Question 15

fats, lipids (larger molecule is a triacylglycerol) and membranes consist of

Answer 15

fatty acids + ester linkage

Question 16

proteins are comprised of

Answer 16

amino acids + peptide bonds

Question 17

nucleic acids consist of

Answer 17

nucleotides + phosphodiester linkages

Question 18

plasma membrane is a semi-permeable barrier that does what?

Answer 18

controls traffic between cell and external environment.
hydrophobic molecules and neutral molecules can diffuse.
polar organic molecules and ions cannot diffuse.

Question 19

nucleus is an organelle storing genetic info. what does it contain?

Answer 19

DNA is housed in the nucleus in the form of CHROMATIN.
nucleus contains double membrane with nuclear pores

Question 20

mitochondria convert food to cellular energy

Answer 20

removes high energy electrons from food and forms proton gradient used to drive ATP synthesis

Question 21

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 21

phospholipid synthesis
calcium storage
glucose formation
toxin removal

Question 22

rough endoplasmic reticulum (ribosomal)

Answer 22

protein synthesis
post-translational modification

Question 23

ER + golgi apparatus do what? (lec4 slide28 for image)

Answer 23

control protein and phospholipid traffic in cells
VESICLES carry stuff from ER to golgi

Question 24

endosome function?

Answer 24

sorts and condenses contents of endocytic vesicles

Question 25

lysosome function?

Answer 25

digests proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

Question 26

peroxisome function?

Answer 26

oxidises molecules to generate H2O2
contains an enzyme called CATALASE that degrades H2O2 into H2O and O2
can also oxidise toxic chemicals

Question 27

Endomembrane system consists of?

Answer 27

protein trafficking network comprised of plasma membrane, ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, lysosomes and peroxisomes and these are linked together by vesicles

Question 28

what is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 28

Proteins that generate force and stabilize membrane deformations.
form a dense network in the cytosol

Question 29

3 types of filaments (structural)

Answer 29

actin
microtubules
intermediate filaments

Question 30

Motor proteins (force)

Answer 30

myosin
kinesis
dynein

Question 31

3 types of plant tissues

Answer 31

Dermal
Vascular
Ground