Cell Biology Flashcards
Epithelial cells function
Form protective barriers in tissues and may be specialised to absorb or secrete specific compounds
Muscle cells function
responsible for movement of skeleton, heart and many internal organs
nerve cells function
conduct electrical signals through body, control contraction of muscles and responsible for the 5 senses
What are the 5 senses?
taste, touch, smell, sight, hearing
connective tissue cells function
create extracellular material that holds cells together in a tissue and may be specialised to absorb or resist external forces (eg. tendons, vertebral discs, bones)
Prokaryotic cells are:
Single celled organisms, can live and reproduce. They lack internal membrane bound (organelles) but have complex structure
Abundant molecules in cells:
Water (70%), carbon based (lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides)
DNA function & RNA function
Store info & access info
Proteins act as?
Catalysts
What are macromolecules?
Organic molecules that weigh more than 100,000 daltons and are synthesised from monomers
Metabolic processes?
Dehydration and hydrolysis
What is dehydration?
Glucose + glucose = maltose + water
What is hydrolysis?
sucrose + water = glucose
polysaccharides comprise of
sugars + glycosidic linkage
fats, lipids (larger molecule is a triacylglycerol) and membranes consist of
fatty acids + ester linkage
proteins are comprised of
amino acids + peptide bonds
nucleic acids consist of
nucleotides + phosphodiester linkages
plasma membrane is a semi-permeable barrier that does what?
controls traffic between cell and external environment.
hydrophobic molecules and neutral molecules can diffuse.
polar organic molecules and ions cannot diffuse.
nucleus is an organelle storing genetic info. what does it contain?
DNA is housed in the nucleus in the form of CHROMATIN.
nucleus contains double membrane with nuclear pores
mitochondria convert food to cellular energy
removes high energy electrons from food and forms proton gradient used to drive ATP synthesis
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
phospholipid synthesis
calcium storage
glucose formation
toxin removal
rough endoplasmic reticulum (ribosomal)
protein synthesis
post-translational modification
ER + golgi apparatus do what? (lec4 slide28 for image)
control protein and phospholipid traffic in cells
VESICLES carry stuff from ER to golgi
endosome function?
sorts and condenses contents of endocytic vesicles
lysosome function?
digests proteins, lipids and nucleic acids
peroxisome function?
oxidises molecules to generate H2O2
contains an enzyme called CATALASE that degrades H2O2 into H2O and O2
can also oxidise toxic chemicals
Endomembrane system consists of?
protein trafficking network comprised of plasma membrane, ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, lysosomes and peroxisomes and these are linked together by vesicles
what is the cytoskeleton?
Proteins that generate force and stabilize membrane deformations.
form a dense network in the cytosol
3 types of filaments (structural)
actin
microtubules
intermediate filaments
Motor proteins (force)
myosin
kinesis
dynein
3 types of plant tissues
Dermal
Vascular
Ground
