Evolution of Land Plants 1 Flashcards
What is a Gametophyte?
Multicellular HAPLOID form, produces gametes vis asexual MITOSIS
What is a Sporophyte?
Multicellular DIPLOID form, produces spores vis sexual MEIOSIS
what are pteridophytes
Vascular plants including, ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns
- dominant sporophyte generation
what are bryophytes
Nonvasular plants including mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
- dominant gametophyte generation
- cannot grow very large because they lack a supporting tissue
- must live in damp places because their rootlike rhizoids cannot penetrate deep into the soil
- non photosynthetic and the photosynthetic parts must be close together due to the lack of vascular tissue for the transport.
seta
the stalk supporting the capsule of a moss or liverwort.
capsule
dry fruit that opens when ripe
antheridium
male sex organ of non flowering plants
protonema
branched threadlike structure that grows from a moss spore and eventually develops into the moss plant
pores
a minute opening in a plant for transpiration or absorbtion
strobilus
mass of scales or bracts containing the reproductive organs of certain nonflowering plants, usually oval in shape
rhizome
Horizontal underground plant stem capable of producing the shoot and roots system of a new plant
sporophylls
a leaf that bears sporangia.
sporangium
a structure within which spores are produced
fertile fronds
A frond apart of a fern that is bearing spores and often differingly marked in color, form, and size of sterile fronds.
sori (sorus)
brownish or yellowish cluster of spore producing structures (sporangia) usually located on the lower surface of fern leaves
annulus
an arc or a ring of specialized cells on the sporangium
Spore
Haploid cell, divides mitotically to form gametophytes
Gamete
Haploid cell (sperm or egg), male and female types fuse to form zygote
Zygote
A fertilized egg, divides mitotically to form sporophyte
Haploid
the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organisms cells. the sperm cells and eggs are haploid
Diploid
2n - presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organisms cell with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair. sexually reproducing organisms are diploid
fertilization
the union of two gametes - the fusion of sperm and egg to produce a diploid zygote
Lyctophytes
Vascular plants including the club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts
- sporophyte dominant
- flagellated sperm so the plants still require water for fertilization
archegonium
Female sex organ of nonflowering plants
Adventageous root
Arise from an organ other than the root, usually a stem, sometimes a leaf.
Prothallus
the gametophyte of a pteridophytes that is typically a smal flat green thallus attached to the soil by rhizoids
Vegetative Roots
new plants grow out of the modified roots called tubers
Strobili
A reproductive structure characterized by overlapping scalelike parts as a pine cone or the fruit of the hop. A conelike strcuture composed of sporophylls
