Evolution of Land Plants 1

Question 1

What is a Gametophyte?

Answer 1

Multicellular HAPLOID form, produces gametes vis asexual MITOSIS

Question 2

What is a Sporophyte?

Answer 2

Multicellular DIPLOID form, produces spores vis sexual MEIOSIS

Question 3

what are pteridophytes

Answer 3

Vascular plants including, ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns
- dominant sporophyte generation

Question 4

what are bryophytes

Answer 4

Nonvasular plants including mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
- dominant gametophyte generation
- cannot grow very large because they lack a supporting tissue
- must live in damp places because their rootlike rhizoids cannot penetrate deep into the soil
- non photosynthetic and the photosynthetic parts must be close together due to the lack of vascular tissue for the transport.

Question 5

seta

Answer 5

the stalk supporting the capsule of a moss or liverwort.

Question 6

capsule

Answer 6

dry fruit that opens when ripe

Question 7

antheridium

Answer 7

male sex organ of non flowering plants

Question 8

protonema

Answer 8

branched threadlike structure that grows from a moss spore and eventually develops into the moss plant

Question 9

pores

Answer 9

a minute opening in a plant for transpiration or absorbtion

Question 10

strobilus

Answer 10

mass of scales or bracts containing the reproductive organs of certain nonflowering plants, usually oval in shape

Question 11

rhizome

Answer 11

Horizontal underground plant stem capable of producing the shoot and roots system of a new plant

Question 12

sporophylls

Answer 12

a leaf that bears sporangia.

Question 13

sporangium

Answer 13

a structure within which spores are produced

Question 14

fertile fronds

Answer 14

A frond apart of a fern that is bearing spores and often differingly marked in color, form, and size of sterile fronds.

Question 15

sori (sorus)

Answer 15

brownish or yellowish cluster of spore producing structures (sporangia) usually located on the lower surface of fern leaves

Question 16

annulus

Answer 16

an arc or a ring of specialized cells on the sporangium

Question 17

Spore

Answer 17

Haploid cell, divides mitotically to form gametophytes

Question 18

Gamete

Answer 18

Haploid cell (sperm or egg), male and female types fuse to form zygote

Question 19

Zygote

Answer 19

A fertilized egg, divides mitotically to form sporophyte

Question 20

Haploid

Answer 20

the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organisms cells. the sperm cells and eggs are haploid

Question 21

Diploid

Answer 21

2n - presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organisms cell with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair. sexually reproducing organisms are diploid

Question 22

fertilization

Answer 22

the union of two gametes - the fusion of sperm and egg to produce a diploid zygote

Question 23

Lyctophytes

Answer 23

Vascular plants including the club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts
- sporophyte dominant
- flagellated sperm so the plants still require water for fertilization

Question 23

archegonium

Answer 23

Female sex organ of nonflowering plants

Question 24

Adventageous root

Answer 24

Arise from an organ other than the root, usually a stem, sometimes a leaf.

Question 25

Prothallus

Answer 25

the gametophyte of a pteridophytes that is typically a smal flat green thallus attached to the soil by rhizoids

Question 26

Vegetative Roots

Answer 26

new plants grow out of the modified roots called tubers

Question 27

Strobili

Answer 27

A reproductive structure characterized by overlapping scalelike parts as a pine cone or the fruit of the hop. A conelike strcuture composed of sporophylls