Evolution of Animals 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Four main features of a chordate

A

notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, pharyhgeal slits, and post anal tail.

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2
Q

three subphyla of Chordata

A

Cephalochordata (lancelets)
Urochordata (tunicates or sea squirts)
vertebrata (hagfish, Lampreys, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals)

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3
Q

Cephalochordata

A

Lanceletes - memorize the body plan
they use pharyngeal gill slits for feeding purposes.

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4
Q

Urochordata

A

Tunicates/ Sea squirts - (memorize body plan)
– they use their pharynx to filter out planktonic organisms and sea water passes through the pharynx and for food.
- nortochord provides support for tail
-

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5
Q

Vertebrata names and animals

A

Myxini (hagfishes)
Petromyzontidae (lampreys)
Chondrichthyes (sharks, skates, rays)
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
Actinistia (frogs, toads, salamander)
Lepidosauria (lizards snakes)
Testudines (turtles)
Crocodilia (crocodiles, alligators)
Aves (birds)
Monotremata (echidna and platypus)
Marsupialis (opossom)
Eutheria (bat, human, whale)

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6
Q

order for chart

A

MPCAADALTCAMME
many people create addictive addictive drugs and love to create addictive magic mushroom environments.

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7
Q

Myxini

A

Hagfishes
-Fishes that have a cranium and lack vertebre and jaws and have no eyes or fins
- cranium
- cartilage
- gills for gas exchange
- secrete slime to protect themselves
- no vertebre
- rudimentary vertebre

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8
Q

Petromyzontidae

A

Lampreys
-no jaws
- cranium
- gills for gas exchange
- dorsal fins
- endoskeleton of cartilage
- vertebre

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9
Q

Chondrichthyes

A

Rays, SHarks, Skates
- cartilaginous fishes
- hinged jaws
- evolved from skeletal gill arches, support gill slits
- true teeth
- paired appendages

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10
Q

Actinoptergii

A

Ray-Finned Fishes
- true skeletal bone
- gills
- swim bladder
- scales

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11
Q

Sarcopterygii

A

Lobe Finned Fishes
- muscular fins supported by bony skeletal extensions
- Actinista - coelacanths - has a swim bladder
- Dipnoi - lungfish - has lungs (and sometimes gills)
- evolved in freshwater habitats

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12
Q

Amphibia

A

Frogs, Salamanders, Caecilians
- first chordates to establish terrestrial lifestyle
-metamorphosis ( grow lungs, legs, lose lateral line and finned tail)
- Two pairs of limbs
- Gills in young, lungs in adults
- lack scales - skin used in respiration so they must be moist all the time
- still tied to water, though largely terrestrial
-“Herpetofauna” (the reptiles and amphibians of a particular region, habitat, or geological period)

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13
Q

Reptilia

A

The Reptiles
- terrestrial
- Amniotic and Shelled egg
- Lungs
- scales
- ectothermic
- testudines lack teeth
-“Herpetofauna” (the reptiles and amphibians of a particular region, habitat, or geological period)

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14
Q

Aves

A

Birds
- Derived from dinosuars
- honycombed structure
- Incredibly diverse
- sexual selection
- Feeding specialization
- Flight
- Wings
- Feathers

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15
Q

Mammalia

A

The Mammals
- Endothermic
- Milk
- Hair/fur

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16
Q

Gnathostomata

A

Cartilagninous fishes

17
Q

Osteichthyes

A

Bony fishes

18
Q

Sarcopterygii

A

lobe finned fishes

19
Q

tetropods

A

four footed
- amphibians reptiles, etc

20
Q

Amniota

A

membrane than encases an embyro

21
Q

Eutheria

A

placenta mammals; bats, carnivores, insectivores, primates, and rodents, and artiodactyls
- largest and most diverse group of mammals
- live young
- placenta

22
Q

Monotremata

A

Platypus and echidnas
- eggs
-adults without teeth

23
Q

Marsupials

A

Kangaroo, opossum, koala, tasmanian devils, wombats
- live young and continue to develop in pouch