Evolution of Animals 2 Flashcards
Four main features of a chordate
notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, pharyhgeal slits, and post anal tail.
three subphyla of Chordata
Cephalochordata (lancelets)
Urochordata (tunicates or sea squirts)
vertebrata (hagfish, Lampreys, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals)
Cephalochordata
Lanceletes - memorize the body plan
they use pharyngeal gill slits for feeding purposes.
Urochordata
Tunicates/ Sea squirts - (memorize body plan)
– they use their pharynx to filter out planktonic organisms and sea water passes through the pharynx and for food.
- nortochord provides support for tail
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Vertebrata names and animals
Myxini (hagfishes)
Petromyzontidae (lampreys)
Chondrichthyes (sharks, skates, rays)
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
Actinistia (frogs, toads, salamander)
Lepidosauria (lizards snakes)
Testudines (turtles)
Crocodilia (crocodiles, alligators)
Aves (birds)
Monotremata (echidna and platypus)
Marsupialis (opossom)
Eutheria (bat, human, whale)
order for chart
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Myxini
Hagfishes
-Fishes that have a cranium and lack vertebre and jaws and have no eyes or fins
- cranium
- cartilage
- gills for gas exchange
- secrete slime to protect themselves
- no vertebre
- rudimentary vertebre
Petromyzontidae
Lampreys
-no jaws
- cranium
- gills for gas exchange
- dorsal fins
- endoskeleton of cartilage
- vertebre
Chondrichthyes
Rays, SHarks, Skates
- cartilaginous fishes
- hinged jaws
- evolved from skeletal gill arches, support gill slits
- true teeth
- paired appendages
Actinoptergii
Ray-Finned Fishes
- true skeletal bone
- gills
- swim bladder
- scales
Sarcopterygii
Lobe Finned Fishes
- muscular fins supported by bony skeletal extensions
- Actinista - coelacanths - has a swim bladder
- Dipnoi - lungfish - has lungs (and sometimes gills)
- evolved in freshwater habitats
Amphibia
Frogs, Salamanders, Caecilians
- first chordates to establish terrestrial lifestyle
-metamorphosis ( grow lungs, legs, lose lateral line and finned tail)
- Two pairs of limbs
- Gills in young, lungs in adults
- lack scales - skin used in respiration so they must be moist all the time
- still tied to water, though largely terrestrial
-“Herpetofauna” (the reptiles and amphibians of a particular region, habitat, or geological period)
Reptilia
The Reptiles
- terrestrial
- Amniotic and Shelled egg
- Lungs
- scales
- ectothermic
- testudines lack teeth
-“Herpetofauna” (the reptiles and amphibians of a particular region, habitat, or geological period)
Aves
Birds
- Derived from dinosuars
- honycombed structure
- Incredibly diverse
- sexual selection
- Feeding specialization
- Flight
- Wings
- Feathers
Mammalia
The Mammals
- Endothermic
- Milk
- Hair/fur