Evolution of Animals 1 Flashcards
monophyletic group
a group of species united by virtue of the fact that they share a common ancestor not shared with any species outside of the group
Porifera
Sponges
rotifera
rotifers
Platyhelminthes
- Class Turbellaria (Planarians)
- Class Trematoda (Flukes)
- Class Cestoda (tapeworms)
Cnidaria
- Class Hydrozoa (Hydra, Physalia)
- Class Scyphozoa (Jellyfish)
- Class Anthozoa (sea anemones, corals)
Annelida
- Class Polychaeta (clamworms)
- Class Hirudinea (leeches)
- Class Oligochaeta (earthworms)
Mollusca
- Class Polyplacophora (Chitons)
- Class Bivalia (clams, mussels)
- Class Gastropoda (snails, slugs)
- Class Cephalopda (Squid, octopus)
Nematoda
roundworms
Arthropoda
subphylum Chelicerata, subphylum crustacea, sub phylum myriapoda, subphylum hexapoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
class arachnida (spiders, scorpions, and ticks)
class xiphosura (horseshore crabs)
Subphylum Crusacea
Crabs, shrimp, crayfish, and barnacles
Subphlum Myriapoda
Class Chilopoda (centipedes)
Class Diplopoda (millipedes)
Subphylum Hexapoda
Class Insects (bees, beetles, butterflies, ants)
Phylum Echinodermata
Class Asteroidea (sea stars) -
Class Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
Class Echinoidea (Sea urchins, sand dollars) -
Class Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
Class Crinoidea (sea lilies)
Endoderm
the innermost layer of the embryo which gives rise to the digestive tract and ots associated organs
ectoderm
outermost layer in the embryo and it gives rise to the epidermis and some animals, the nervous system
Mesoderm
when present, is the middle layer in the embryo that gives rise to muscles , circulatoru and excretory systems, and gonads. tissues derived from the mesoderm also lines the coelom.
epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
connective tissue
nervous tissue
Coelom
fluid filled body cavity between the digestive tract and the outter body wall that is lined on both sides by mesoderm derived tissues.
Diploblastic animals
posses two germ layers, endoderm and ectoderm
Triploblastic animals
posses three germ layers, ectoderm , mesoderm and endoderm
Pseudocoelomates
present body cavity but with endodermal, ectodermal and some mesodermal tissues
True Coelomates
Completely lined with mesodermal tissues with ectoderm and endoderm present
Acoelomate
lack true body cavity but have ectoderm mesoderm and endoderm
Porifera - sponges structures
Body Support: Spicules or spongin (Spongin is the flexible material that makes up the body wall of the sponge, while spicules are hard, spiny secretions that help to provide a reinforced structure)
Type of symmetry: Asymmetry
Digestive tract: none
true tissues: diploblastic, no body cavities, no segmentation, no cephalisation, no true tissues.
Locomotion: Sessile (immobile/ fixed in one place)
Cnidaria (hydrozoans, jellyfish, sea anemones, corals) structures
Body support: Hydrostatic Skeleton (use a cavity filled with water; the water is incompressible, so the organism can use it to apply force or change shape.)
Type of symmetry: Radial Symmetry
Digestive Tract: Incomplete but posses a gastrovascular cavity with only one opening
True Tissues: Diploblastic. apart of the ectoderm is the gastrodermis. and in between the ectoderm and endoderm is mesoglea. not cephalized or segmented.
Locomotions: Pulsation/ jet propulsion
- two main body plans polyp and medusa. they have a nerve net and no brain.
Rotifera (rotifers) Structure
Body support: cuticle
locomotion: Foot attachment for crawling, Ciliated corona (on the head of the rotifer and allows for propelling movement and food engulfment)
Type of symmetry: Bilaterally symmetric
Digestive tract: Complete digestive tract
True Tissues: pseudocoelomates and therefore and triploblastic
- mastax present to help with food digestion.
- no segmentation and have cephalisation
Platyhelminthes (planarians) structures
Body support: hydrostatic skeleton ((use a cavity filled with water; the water is incompressible, so the organism can use it to apply force or change shape.)
Locomotion: msucular contactions, hydrostatic skeleton
Type of symmetry: Bilateral in symmetry
Digestive Tract: Gastrovascular cavity - incomplete digestive tract
True Tissues: triploblastic organism, acoelomate, cephailization, no segmentation, have distinct nerve chords
what phylums have segmentation
platyhelminthes, annelida
What Phylums have cephalisation
rotifera, annelida, mollusca, and nematoda
Annelida (earthworms, leeches, clamworms) structures
Body support: hydrostatic skeleton, cuticle
Locomotion: muscle contaction
Type of Symmetry: Bilateral symmetry
Digestive tract: complete digestive tract
True tissues: Triploblastic Segmented and cephalized worms with distinct nerve chords and a true coelomate
Mollusca structures
Body support: hydrostatic skeleton, shell
Locomotion: hydrostatic skeleton, muscular foot
Type of symmetry: Bilateral symmetry
Digestive Tract: complete digestive tract
True Tissues: Triploblastic, acoelomates, true coelomate no segmentation, but cephalized. - ventral nerve chords.
Nematoda (roundworms) structures
body support: Cuticle
locomotion: contraction of muscles.
digestive tract: complete
true tissues: Triploblastic with a pseudocoelom made with a distinct brain and nerve chords. cephalization but no segmentation.
type of symmetry: Bilateral
arthropoda (Spiders, ticks, crustaceans, millipdes, centipedes, insects) Structures
body support: Exoskeleton, cuticle
type of symmetry: Bilateral
Locomotion: use their legs , muscle contraction
True tissues: Tripploblastic with coelomate with nerve chords and a brain with segmentation and cephalization
DIgestive tract: complete
Echinodermata (sea stars, starfish, sea urchins, sea lilies) SStructures
Body support: Calcareous plates / spines with an endoskeleton
Locomotion: mobile
Type of symmetry: Bilateral
True tissues: triploblastic with true coelom and no segmentation and no cephalization
digestive tract: complete
cladogram order
PCRPAMNAE
people create real people and monitor new animal environments
porifera, cnidaria, rotifera, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca, nematoda, arthropoda, echinodermata
what animals are triploblastic
annelida, platyhelminthes, rotifers, mollusca, nematoda, arthropoda, and echinodermata
what animals are diploblastic
cnidaria and porifera
