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Lab Practical 2 > Evolution of Animals 1 > Flashcards

Evolution of Animals 1 Flashcards

1
Q

monophyletic group

A

a group of species united by virtue of the fact that they share a common ancestor not shared with any species outside of the group

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2
Q

Porifera

A

Sponges

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3
Q

rotifera

A

rotifers

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4
Q

Platyhelminthes

A
  • Class Turbellaria (Planarians)
  • Class Trematoda (Flukes)
  • Class Cestoda (tapeworms)
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5
Q

Cnidaria

A
  • Class Hydrozoa (Hydra, Physalia)
  • Class Scyphozoa (Jellyfish)
  • Class Anthozoa (sea anemones, corals)
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6
Q

Annelida

A
  • Class Polychaeta (clamworms)
  • Class Hirudinea (leeches)
  • Class Oligochaeta (earthworms)
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7
Q

Mollusca

A
  • Class Polyplacophora (Chitons)
  • Class Bivalia (clams, mussels)
  • Class Gastropoda (snails, slugs)
  • Class Cephalopda (Squid, octopus)
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8
Q

Nematoda

A

roundworms

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9
Q

Arthropoda

A

subphylum Chelicerata, subphylum crustacea, sub phylum myriapoda, subphylum hexapoda

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10
Q

Subphylum Chelicerata

A

class arachnida (spiders, scorpions, and ticks)
class xiphosura (horseshore crabs)

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11
Q

Subphylum Crusacea

A

Crabs, shrimp, crayfish, and barnacles

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12
Q

Subphlum Myriapoda

A

Class Chilopoda (centipedes)
Class Diplopoda (millipedes)

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13
Q

Subphylum Hexapoda

A

Class Insects (bees, beetles, butterflies, ants)

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14
Q

Phylum Echinodermata

A

Class Asteroidea (sea stars) -
Class Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
Class Echinoidea (Sea urchins, sand dollars) -
Class Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
Class Crinoidea (sea lilies)

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15
Q

Endoderm

A

the innermost layer of the embryo which gives rise to the digestive tract and ots associated organs

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16
Q

ectoderm

A

outermost layer in the embryo and it gives rise to the epidermis and some animals, the nervous system

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17
Q

Mesoderm

A

when present, is the middle layer in the embryo that gives rise to muscles , circulatoru and excretory systems, and gonads. tissues derived from the mesoderm also lines the coelom.

18
Q

epithelial tissue

A
19
Q

Muscle tissue

A
20
Q

connective tissue

A
21
Q

nervous tissue

A
22
Q

Coelom

A

fluid filled body cavity between the digestive tract and the outter body wall that is lined on both sides by mesoderm derived tissues.

23
Q

Diploblastic animals

A

posses two germ layers, endoderm and ectoderm

24
Q

Triploblastic animals

A

posses three germ layers, ectoderm , mesoderm and endoderm

25
Q

Pseudocoelomates

A

present body cavity but with endodermal, ectodermal and some mesodermal tissues

26
Q

True Coelomates

A

Completely lined with mesodermal tissues with ectoderm and endoderm present

27
Q

Acoelomate

A

lack true body cavity but have ectoderm mesoderm and endoderm

28
Q

Porifera - sponges structures

A

Body Support: Spicules or spongin (Spongin is the flexible material that makes up the body wall of the sponge, while spicules are hard, spiny secretions that help to provide a reinforced structure)
Type of symmetry: Asymmetry
Digestive tract: none
true tissues: diploblastic, no body cavities, no segmentation, no cephalisation, no true tissues.
Locomotion: Sessile (immobile/ fixed in one place)

29
Q

Cnidaria (hydrozoans, jellyfish, sea anemones, corals) structures

A

Body support: Hydrostatic Skeleton (use a cavity filled with water; the water is incompressible, so the organism can use it to apply force or change shape.)
Type of symmetry: Radial Symmetry
Digestive Tract: Incomplete but posses a gastrovascular cavity with only one opening
True Tissues: Diploblastic. apart of the ectoderm is the gastrodermis. and in between the ectoderm and endoderm is mesoglea. not cephalized or segmented.
Locomotions: Pulsation/ jet propulsion
- two main body plans polyp and medusa. they have a nerve net and no brain.

30
Q

Rotifera (rotifers) Structure

A

Body support: cuticle
locomotion: Foot attachment for crawling, Ciliated corona (on the head of the rotifer and allows for propelling movement and food engulfment)
Type of symmetry: Bilaterally symmetric
Digestive tract: Complete digestive tract
True Tissues: pseudocoelomates and therefore and triploblastic
- mastax present to help with food digestion.
- no segmentation and have cephalisation

31
Q

Platyhelminthes (planarians) structures

A

Body support: hydrostatic skeleton ((use a cavity filled with water; the water is incompressible, so the organism can use it to apply force or change shape.)
Locomotion: msucular contactions, hydrostatic skeleton
Type of symmetry: Bilateral in symmetry
Digestive Tract: Gastrovascular cavity - incomplete digestive tract
True Tissues: triploblastic organism, acoelomate, cephailization, no segmentation, have distinct nerve chords

32
Q

what phylums have segmentation

A

platyhelminthes, annelida

33
Q

What Phylums have cephalisation

A

rotifera, annelida, mollusca, and nematoda

34
Q

Annelida (earthworms, leeches, clamworms) structures

A

Body support: hydrostatic skeleton, cuticle
Locomotion: muscle contaction
Type of Symmetry: Bilateral symmetry
Digestive tract: complete digestive tract
True tissues: Triploblastic Segmented and cephalized worms with distinct nerve chords and a true coelomate

35
Q

Mollusca structures

A

Body support: hydrostatic skeleton, shell
Locomotion: hydrostatic skeleton, muscular foot
Type of symmetry: Bilateral symmetry
Digestive Tract: complete digestive tract
True Tissues: Triploblastic, acoelomates, true coelomate no segmentation, but cephalized. - ventral nerve chords.

36
Q

Nematoda (roundworms) structures

A

body support: Cuticle
locomotion: contraction of muscles.
digestive tract: complete
true tissues: Triploblastic with a pseudocoelom made with a distinct brain and nerve chords. cephalization but no segmentation.
type of symmetry: Bilateral

37
Q

arthropoda (Spiders, ticks, crustaceans, millipdes, centipedes, insects) Structures

A

body support: Exoskeleton, cuticle
type of symmetry: Bilateral
Locomotion: use their legs , muscle contraction
True tissues: Tripploblastic with coelomate with nerve chords and a brain with segmentation and cephalization
DIgestive tract: complete

38
Q

Echinodermata (sea stars, starfish, sea urchins, sea lilies) SStructures

A

Body support: Calcareous plates / spines with an endoskeleton
Locomotion: mobile
Type of symmetry: Bilateral
True tissues: triploblastic with true coelom and no segmentation and no cephalization
digestive tract: complete

39
Q

cladogram order

A

PCRPAMNAE
people create real people and monitor new animal environments
porifera, cnidaria, rotifera, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca, nematoda, arthropoda, echinodermata

40
Q

what animals are triploblastic

A

annelida, platyhelminthes, rotifers, mollusca, nematoda, arthropoda, and echinodermata

41
Q

what animals are diploblastic

A

cnidaria and porifera

Lab Practical 2 (6 decks)

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