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Lab Practical 2 > Evolution of Animals 1 > Flashcards

Evolution of Animals 1 Flashcards

1
Q

monophyletic group

A

a group of species united by virtue of the fact that they share a common ancestor not shared with any species outside of the group

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2
Q

Porifera

A

Sponges

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3
Q

rotifera

A

rotifers

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4
Q

Platyhelminthes

A
  • Class Turbellaria (Planarians)
  • Class Trematoda (Flukes)
  • Class Cestoda (tapeworms)
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5
Q

Cnidaria

A
  • Class Hydrozoa (Hydra, Physalia)
  • Class Scyphozoa (Jellyfish)
  • Class Anthozoa (sea anemones, corals)
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6
Q

Annelida

A
  • Class Polychaeta (clamworms)
  • Class Hirudinea (leeches)
  • Class Oligochaeta (earthworms)
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7
Q

Mollusca

A
  • Class Polyplacophora (Chitons)
  • Class Bivalia (clams, mussels)
  • Class Gastropoda (snails, slugs)
  • Class Cephalopda (Squid, octopus)
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8
Q

Nematoda

A

roundworms

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9
Q

Arthropoda

A

subphylum Chelicerata, subphylum crustacea, sub phylum myriapoda, subphylum hexapoda

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10
Q

Subphylum Chelicerata

A

class arachnida (spiders, scorpions, and ticks)
class xiphosura (horseshore crabs)

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11
Q

Subphylum Crusacea

A

Crabs, shrimp, crayfish, and barnacles

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12
Q

Subphlum Myriapoda

A

Class Chilopoda (centipedes)
Class Diplopoda (millipedes)

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13
Q

Subphylum Hexapoda

A

Class Insects (bees, beetles, butterflies, ants)

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14
Q

Phylum Echinodermata

A

Class Asteroidea (sea stars) -
Class Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
Class Echinoidea (Sea urchins, sand dollars) -
Class Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
Class Crinoidea (sea lilies)

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15
Q

Endoderm

A

the innermost layer of the embryo which gives rise to the digestive tract and ots associated organs

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16
Q

ectoderm

A

outermost layer in the embryo and it gives rise to the epidermis and some animals, the nervous system

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17
Q

Mesoderm

A

when present, is the middle layer in the embryo that gives rise to muscles , circulatoru and excretory systems, and gonads. tissues derived from the mesoderm also lines the coelom.

18
Q

epithelial tissue

19
Q

Muscle tissue

20
Q

connective tissue

21
Q

nervous tissue

22
Q

Coelom

A

fluid filled body cavity between the digestive tract and the outter body wall that is lined on both sides by mesoderm derived tissues.

23
Q

Diploblastic animals

A

posses two germ layers, endoderm and ectoderm

24
Q

Triploblastic animals

A

posses three germ layers, ectoderm , mesoderm and endoderm

25
Pseudocoelomates
present body cavity but with endodermal, ectodermal and some mesodermal tissues
26
True Coelomates
Completely lined with mesodermal tissues with ectoderm and endoderm present
27
Acoelomate
lack true body cavity but have ectoderm mesoderm and endoderm
28
Porifera - sponges structures
Body Support: Spicules or spongin (Spongin is the flexible material that makes up the body wall of the sponge, while spicules are hard, spiny secretions that help to provide a reinforced structure) Type of symmetry: Asymmetry Digestive tract: none true tissues: diploblastic, no body cavities, no segmentation, no cephalisation, no true tissues. Locomotion: Sessile (immobile/ fixed in one place)
29
Cnidaria (hydrozoans, jellyfish, sea anemones, corals) structures
Body support: Hydrostatic Skeleton (use a cavity filled with water; the water is incompressible, so the organism can use it to apply force or change shape.) Type of symmetry: Radial Symmetry Digestive Tract: Incomplete but posses a gastrovascular cavity with only one opening True Tissues: Diploblastic. apart of the ectoderm is the gastrodermis. and in between the ectoderm and endoderm is mesoglea. not cephalized or segmented. Locomotions: Pulsation/ jet propulsion - two main body plans polyp and medusa. they have a nerve net and no brain.
30
Rotifera (rotifers) Structure
Body support: cuticle locomotion: Foot attachment for crawling, Ciliated corona (on the head of the rotifer and allows for propelling movement and food engulfment) Type of symmetry: Bilaterally symmetric Digestive tract: Complete digestive tract True Tissues: pseudocoelomates and therefore and triploblastic - mastax present to help with food digestion. - no segmentation and have cephalisation
31
Platyhelminthes (planarians) structures
Body support: hydrostatic skeleton ((use a cavity filled with water; the water is incompressible, so the organism can use it to apply force or change shape.) Locomotion: msucular contactions, hydrostatic skeleton Type of symmetry: Bilateral in symmetry Digestive Tract: Gastrovascular cavity - incomplete digestive tract True Tissues: triploblastic organism, acoelomate, cephailization, no segmentation, have distinct nerve chords
32
what phylums have segmentation
platyhelminthes, annelida
33
What Phylums have cephalisation
rotifera, annelida, mollusca, and nematoda
34
Annelida (earthworms, leeches, clamworms) structures
Body support: hydrostatic skeleton, cuticle Locomotion: muscle contaction Type of Symmetry: Bilateral symmetry Digestive tract: complete digestive tract True tissues: Triploblastic Segmented and cephalized worms with distinct nerve chords and a true coelomate
35
Mollusca structures
Body support: hydrostatic skeleton, shell Locomotion: hydrostatic skeleton, muscular foot Type of symmetry: Bilateral symmetry Digestive Tract: complete digestive tract True Tissues: Triploblastic, acoelomates, true coelomate no segmentation, but cephalized. - ventral nerve chords.
36
Nematoda (roundworms) structures
body support: Cuticle locomotion: contraction of muscles. digestive tract: complete true tissues: Triploblastic with a pseudocoelom made with a distinct brain and nerve chords. cephalization but no segmentation. type of symmetry: Bilateral
37
arthropoda (Spiders, ticks, crustaceans, millipdes, centipedes, insects) Structures
body support: Exoskeleton, cuticle type of symmetry: Bilateral Locomotion: use their legs , muscle contraction True tissues: Tripploblastic with coelomate with nerve chords and a brain with segmentation and cephalization DIgestive tract: complete
38
Echinodermata (sea stars, starfish, sea urchins, sea lilies) SStructures
Body support: Calcareous plates / spines with an endoskeleton Locomotion: mobile Type of symmetry: Bilateral True tissues: triploblastic with true coelom and no segmentation and no cephalization digestive tract: complete
39
cladogram order
PCRPAMNAE people create real people and monitor new animal environments porifera, cnidaria, rotifera, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca, nematoda, arthropoda, echinodermata
40
what animals are triploblastic
annelida, platyhelminthes, rotifers, mollusca, nematoda, arthropoda, and echinodermata
41
what animals are diploblastic
cnidaria and porifera

Lab Practical 2 (6 decks)

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