Evolution Of Behaviour Flashcards
what is optimality
behaviour that maximised the difference between benefit and cost of an action
what is an evolutionary stable strategy ESS
a strategy which, when adopted by a population, cannot be displaced by an alternative strategy. polymorphic phenotypes exist to be stable within a population, assuming infinite population size
what is inclusive fitness theory
genetic success through altruism and cooperation
what are the arms of selection
natural selection (competition to survive) and sexual selection (competition to mate)
what is the phenotypic gambit
an oversimplification of behaviour as though it can be complex traits can be modelled as if they were controlled by individual distinct alleles
what is a payoff matrix
a model of aggressive behaviour by which hawk or dove strategies are assumed, and exist in ratios within population or individuals, weighing up the risks of fighting, fleeing and wasting time against the benefit of the contested resource
what is boujois
the third strategy in the payoff matrix where if the individual owns the resource it behaves like a hawk and if not it behaves like a dove
explain the theory of butterfly aggression over sun spots
butterflies occupying the sunspot are more likely to win in a fight then the intruder because their muscles are warm and they are rested ready to attack
what is phenotypic altruism
the idea that individuals look out for offspring and close genetic relatives in order to propagate the proportion of their genes that they carry
what are the two types of dependency
mutualism- they depend on one another and reciprocity- they trade in a mutually beneficial way
what demonstrates behavioural genetics in drosophila
Per gene affects circadian rhythms and also influences song
what demonstrates behavioural genetics in mice
FosB gene affects maternal behaviour as without it females are unabel to recognise the smell of their own pups. Oxt gene has a role in remembering the smell of other mice to prevent social amnesia
what is euploidy
the normal amount of chromosomes, as opposed to aneuploidy which is an abnormal amount
what are qualitative trait loci
the association of DNA with a specific phenotype to determine what is genetic and what is environmental
what demonstrates behavioural genetics in nematodes
Mec/Unc gene mutations affect mechanoreceptor sensitivity which in turn affects locomotion
