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Biology 310 > Evolution & Natural Selection > Flashcards

Evolution & Natural Selection Flashcards

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0
Q

The physical appearance and actual behavior of a particular individual; results from interaction of genotype and the environment

A

Phenotype

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1
Q

The genetic makeup of a particular individual

A

Genotype

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2
Q

A group of organisms that can reproduce and produce viable offspring.

A

Biological definition of Species

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3
Q

Group of organisms with similar unique sets of physical characteristics

A

Morphological definition of species

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4
Q

All of the members of a particular species in a particular area

A

Population

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5
Q

All of the varieties of all genes in a population

A

Gene Pool

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6
Q

The % of each gene variety (allele in a population

A

Gene Frequency

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7
Q

Change in gene frequency over time

A

Evolution

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8
Q

2 sources of new genetic variation

2 other ways gene frequencies change

A

Mutation
Recombination (sex repr)

Gene flow
Genetic drift

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9
Q

A small mistake in the DNA code

A

Mutation

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10
Q

Sperm + Egg puts existing gene varieties into new combinations

A

Recombination / sexual reproduction

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11
Q

When one individuals move from one population to the next, bringing new gene varieties with it

A

Gene Flow

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12
Q

The loss of gene varieties due to random chance

A

Genetic Drift

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13
Q

The mechanism by which evolution changes gene frequencies

determines the direction (+/-) of the gene frequency change

A

Natural Selection

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14
Q

A trait that gives an organism a survival & greater reproductive success in a particular environment

(Reproductive success & biological fitness)

A

Adaptions

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15
Q

3 kinds of Adaption

A
  1. Physical -part of body
  2. Behavioral -action
  3. Physiological -biochemical
16
Q

Natural Selection acts on the ______ BUT evolution only occurs if there is some _____ basis for the _______.

A
  1. Phenotype (the adaption)
  2. Genetic
  3. Phenotype
17
Q

Natural selection can be DIRECTIONAL, DIVERGENT, or STABILIZING. Explain the 3.

A
  • Directional: favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range
  • Divergent: favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range
  • Stabilizing: favors intermediate variants & acts against extreme phenotypes
18
Q

Applying microevolution to long time scales to explain how new species originate and evolve

A

Macroevolution

19
Q

Process of two populations becoming two distinct species

A

Speciation

20
Q

No reproduction or no viable offspring

A

Reproductive isolation

21
Q

Happens before sperm and egg join

A

Pre-zygotic

22
Q

Egg & sperm have met

inferior offspring, babies can not reproduce

A

Post-zygotic

23
Q

Allopatric Speciation

A

1 population becomes geographically isolated
2 geographic isolation prevents gene flow
3. Natural selection acts on each population separately
4. Small changes accumulate until two populations are reproductively isolated

24
Q

Different female choice

A

Sexual selection

25
Q

Slow/steady change vs Punctuated Equilibrium

A

Time & Separation

Mutation & change

26
Q

Similarities resulting from common ancestry

A

Homologies

27
Q

Embryology

A

“Study of developing embryos”

Reveals anatomical homologies not visible in adults

28
Q

Remnants of features that served important functions in the organisms ancestors

A

Vestigial Structures

29
Q

Analogous Structures

A

(Opposite of homologous) distantly related groups may independently develop similar structures to similar environments in similar ways = Convergent Evolution

30
Q

The study of geographic distribution of species

A

Biogeography

31
Q

Artificial selection

A

Natural selection is replaced by human preference

Farmers and breeders can rapidly change a species

32
Q

The small changes that happen within a species from generation to generation

A

Microevolution

Biology 310 (5 decks)

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