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Biology 30 > Evolution & Classification > Flashcards

Evolution & Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

What is evolution?

A

The process through which species change over time through genetic variation and natural selection.

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2
Q

True or False: Evolution can occur in a single generation.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The theory of evolution was first formulated by ______.

A

Charles Darwin

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4
Q

What is natural selection?

A

The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

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5
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a mechanism of evolution? (A) Genetic Drift (B) Artificial Selection (C) Mutation (D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

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6
Q

What is genetic variation?

A

Differences in DNA sequences among individuals within a population.

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7
Q

True or False: All mutations are harmful.

A

False

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8
Q

What is speciation?

A

The process by which new distinct species evolve from a common ancestor.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The two main types of speciation are ______ and ______.

A

allopatric; sympatric

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10
Q

What is the role of fossils in understanding evolution?

A

Fossils provide evidence of past life forms and show how species have changed over time.

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11
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT evidence of evolution? (A) Fossil Record (B) Comparative Anatomy (C) Astrology (D) Molecular Biology

A

C) Astrology

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12
Q

What is a homologous structure?

A

An anatomical feature in different species that is similar due to shared ancestry.

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13
Q

True or False: Convergent evolution results in homologous structures.

A

False

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14
Q

What is a cladogram?

A

A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The scientific name of an organism is composed of its ______ and ______.

A

genus; species

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16
Q

What is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

A

It describes the genetic equilibrium in a population and helps predict allele frequencies.

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17
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (A) No mutations (B) Large population size (C) Natural selection (D) Random mating

A

C) Natural selection

18
Q

What does the term ‘adaptive radiation’ refer to?

A

The rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor.

19
Q

True or False: Artificial selection is a form of natural selection.

A

False

20
Q

What is a phylogenetic tree?

A

A branching diagram that represents the evolutionary history of a group of organisms.

21
Q

Fill in the blank: The study of the evolutionary relationships among species is called ______.

A

systematics

22
Q

What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?

A

Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms without a nucleus, while eukaryotes have a nucleus and can be unicellular or multicellular.

23
Q

Multiple Choice: Which domain includes organisms that can survive extreme environments? (A) Bacteria (B) Archaea (C) Eukarya (D) None of the above

A

B) Archaea

24
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

A mechanism of evolution that involves random changes in allele frequencies in a population.

25
Q

True or False: Genetic drift has a larger effect in small populations.

A

True

26
Q

What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?

A

Microevolution refers to small changes within a species, while macroevolution refers to large-scale changes that can lead to the emergence of new species.

27
Q

Fill in the blank: ______ is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.

A

Biogeography

28
Q

What is the role of embryology in evolutionary biology?

A

Embryology provides insights into the developmental similarities and differences among species, indicating common ancestry.

29
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a form of reproductive isolation? (A) Temporal isolation (B) Behavioral isolation (C) Mechanical isolation (D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

30
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A change in the DNA sequence of an organism’s genome.

31
Q

True or False: Mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful.

A

True

32
Q

What is the significance of the fossil record in evolutionary studies?

A

It provides chronological evidence of past life forms and their evolution over time.

33
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which organisms become better suited to their environment is called ______.

A

adaptation

34
Q

What does the term ‘endemic species’ refer to?

A

Species that are native to and found only in a specific geographic area.

35
Q

Multiple Choice: Which scientist is known for developing the concept of punctuated equilibrium? (A) Charles Darwin (B) Stephen Jay Gould (C) Richard Dawkins (D) Ernst Mayr

A

B) Stephen Jay Gould

36
Q

What is a niche in ecology?

A

The role and position a species has in its environment, including all interactions with biotic and abiotic factors.

37
Q

True or False: Two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat indefinitely.

A

False

38
Q

What is the significance of molecular evidence in evolution?

A

Molecular evidence, such as DNA sequences, helps to determine evolutionary relationships and lineage.

39
Q

Fill in the blank: The classification system used by biologists is known as ______.

A

taxonomy

40
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

41
Q

Multiple Choice: Which taxonomic rank is directly above ‘species’? (A) Family (B) Genus (C) Order (D) Class

A

B) Genus

42
Q

What is the concept of ‘survival of the fittest’?

A

The idea that individuals best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Biology 30 (3 decks)

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