Evolution & Behavior Genetics

Question 1

What is the evolution of the nervous system?

Answer 1

• neurons were 1st arranged as nerve nets
• neurons started to coalesce

Question 2

What kind of cerebral cortex do humans have?

Answer 2

an enlarged one

Question 3

What do proteins code for?

Answer 3

• GENES not traits

Question 4

What do proteins allow for?

Answer 4

• formation of the structure & chemical composition of the nervous system
  - behavior is created

Question 5

What is behavior influenced by?

Answer 5

genetics

Question 6

What is a phenotype?

Answer 6

• the measure of a trait

Question 7

What is the unbreeding technique?

Answer 7

• mating siblings over 20 generation
• every individual is nearly 100% genetically identical

Question 8

What is the selective breeding technique?

Answer 8

• mating individuals with similar phenotype

Question 9

What is the knockout technique?

Answer 9

techniques to make a specific gene not functional

Question 10

What is the knock-in technique?

Answer 10

addition of sequence into the genome

Question 11

What is the GWAs technique?

Answer 11

genome-wide association study

Question 12

What is the definition of Heritability?

Answer 12

proportion of the population variance accounted for by genetic variance

Question 13

What does heritability measure?

Answer 13

measures variances, not cause

Question 14

What is the equation for heritability?

Answer 14

H^2 = variability of genotype
variability of population

Question 15

What is a 0 in heritability?

Answer 15

nothing in phenotype variation is accounted for by genetic variation

Question 16

What is a 1 in heritability?

Answer 16

all of the variability in the population is accounted for by genetic variability

Question 17

what doesn’t high heritability mean?

Answer 17

it doesn’t mean low environmental influence

Question 18

T or F: heritability statistic cannot change in different environments

Answer 18

false
- it can change in different environments
- it doesn’t apply to individuals
- doesn’t say anything about how genes works on the phenotype

Question 19

What is epigenetic?

Answer 19

the mechanisms that turn genes on & off without changing the actual sequence of the genome

Question 20

What does epigenetic help with?

Answer 20

• helps stage development
• environmental influences
  - methylation turns genes off

Question 21

T or F: some epigenetic markers can be inherited

Answer 21

true:
- like hormone receptors that affect stress