Evolution and Natural Selection

Question 1

what are the 2 forms of genetic drift?

Answer 1

Bottleneck effect : occurs when a population undergoes a catastrophic event

founder effect: occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population in a new area geographically isolated from the original population.

Question 2

homologous vs analogous

Answer 2

Homo:
. shares common ancestor
. may have different functions
. divergent evolution

Ana:
. does not have common ancestor
. similar function purpose
. convergent evolution

Question 3

what is a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 3

A diagram that represents the evolutionary pathways and relativeness between species

Question 4

Darwin’s finches

Answer 4

when Darwin visited the Galapagos islands, he discovered a diverse array of finches on different islands but all finches exhibited different variations of beak size and shape.

The various big sizes came from natural selection: individual birds with beaks better for obtaining food had high chance of survival and reproduction

Question 5

What are the 3 types of Biodiversity

Answer 5

Species
Genetic
Ecosystem

Question 6

What is Species Diversity?

Answer 6

variety and abundance

Question 7

What is Genetic Diversity?

Answer 7

range of different inherited traits within a species

Question 8

What is Ecosystem Diversity?

Answer 8

A variety of ecosystems and habitats present in a given area or on a larger scale

Question 9

3 types of Evolution

Answer 9

Divergent
Convergent
Co-Evolution

Question 10

Define Divergent Evolution

Answer 10

different organisms that have common ancestors develop different traits or characteristics to adapt to the changing environmental conditions and selection pressures

Question 11

Define Convergent Evolution

Answer 11

when organisms that aren’t closely related evolve similar features or behaviours, in response to similar selection pressures.

Question 12

Define Co-Evolution

Answer 12

two species evolve together due to their close relationship

Question 13

4 factors that influence genetic diversity

Answer 13

Mutation
Gene Flow
Genetic Drift
Natural Selection

Question 14

Define Mutation

Answer 14

Changes that occur in an organisms DNA. can be advantageous or disadvantageous.

Question 15

Define Gene Flow

Answer 15

when individuals migrate from one population to another and interbreed with individuals from another population. INCREASES GENETIC DIVERSITY.

Question 16

Define Gene Drift

Answer 16

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance. DECREASES GENETIC DIVERSITY.

Question 17

Define Natural Selection

Answer 17

when populations of living organisms adapt and change

Question 18

What did Charles Darwin Propose?

Answer 18

The theory of biological evolution by natural selection.

that all living things have a common ancestor

Question 19

What are the 4 principals of Natural Selection?

Answer 19

Variation
Selection Pressures
Differential of Survival and Reproduction
Heritability

Question 20

Define Variation

Answer 20

Different traits within a species population

Question 21

Define Selection Pressures

Answer 21

Factors effecting the chances of survival and reproduction

Question 22

Define Differential of Survival and Reproduction

Answer 22

individuals with traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success are more likely to pass on their traits to next generation

Question 23

Define Heritability

Answer 23

advantageous traits can be typically inherited from parents to offspring through genes