Evolution and Biodiversity 1 Flashcards
Evolution
changing the genetic makeup of a population over time
Macroevolution
long-term, large-scale changes in a population where the changes are large enough that the population is no longer able to breed with the original species.
Microevolution
small genetic changes in the gene pool of a population that result in changes to the varieties of individuals in the population.
Gene Pool
all genes in a population
Mutation
random changes in the structure of a DNA
Natural Selection
individuals that have traits that benefit survival
Requirements of Natural Selection
- Genetic variability in a trait within population
- Trait is heritable
- Differential reproduction
Ecological niche
- role of organisms in the ecosystems
- interaction with biotic and abiotic factors
Habitat
physical location
Generalist species
- broad niche
- more adaptable to rapidly changing environmental conditions
Specialist species
- narrow niche
- limited to consistent environmental conditions
- but has fewer competitors, and more food
Geographic isolation vs Reproductive isolation
geographic isolation is a physical separation of populations that can lead to reproductive isolation
reproductive isolation refers to factors that prevent interbreeding between populations
Background Extinction
normal, slow rate of a specie’s disappearance
Mass Extinction
quick, involving many species at once
Mass depletion
higher than mass extinction
