Evolution And Behavior Genetics

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

The framework of all of biology

Question 2

Evolutionary changes are build on what ____, so it often is not ____.

Answer 2

Exists; optimal

Question 3

Neurons were first arranged as ____ ____ (ex. Sea anemone)

Answer 3

Nerve nets

Question 4

As organisms become more complex, neurons start to ____ and form ____, eventually a large group of neurons became a ____.

Answer 4

Coalesce; ganglia; brain

Question 5

Trend of the ganglia is to get ____ and more ____ over bodily functions.

Answer 5

Bigger; responsible

Question 6

Genes code for ____, which forms the structure and chemical composition of the ____ ____ that is the basis of behavior.

Answer 6

Proteins; nervous system

Question 7

All behavior is influenced by ____, and when coupled up with the environment, it makes up the ____ of an organism (the measure of a trait)

Answer 7

Genetics; phenotype

Question 8

Inbreeding

Answer 8

Mating siblings over 20 generations; every individual is nearly 100% genetically identical
*Negative mutation accumulate

Question 9

Selective breeding

Answer 9

Mating individuals with similar phenotypes

Question 10

Knockout

Answer 10

Techniques to make a specific gene not functional

Question 11

Knock-in

Answer 11

Addition of sequences into the genome

Question 12

GWAS

Answer 12

Genome-wide association study
Expensive and lengthy

Question 13

Heritability (H^2) measures…

Answer 13

• The proportion of the population variance accounted for by genetic variance
• =variability of genotype/variability of population

Question 14

Heritability was useful until the discovery of the ____

Answer 14

Genome

Question 15

H^2=0 means…

Answer 15

Nothing in phenotypic variation is accounted for by genetic variation

Question 16

H^2=1 means…

Answer 16

ALL of the variability in the population is accounted for by genetic variability
(Ex. Height)

Question 17

High ____ doesn’t mean low ____ ____, and H^2 can change in different ____.

Answer 17

Heritability; Environmental influence; Environments

Question 18

Since H^2 is a statistic about genetic variation in a certain population, the measurement doesn’t apply to ____, and it doesn’t imply how genes (or the environment) works on the ____.

Answer 18

Individuals; phenotype

Question 19

Elite ethics

Answer 19

The mechanisms that turn genes on and off without changing the actual sequence of the genome

Question 20

Some genetic markers can be inherited — Occasionally inherit ____ of parents if the parent experiences heightened level of ____, but it might be the effect of other ____ from the parent.

Answer 20

Methylation; stress; chemicals