Evolution & Adaptations

Question 1

Distinguishing features: Mammalia

Answer 1

1. Viviparous
2. Fur/Hair
3. Endothermic
4. Mammary glands - Feed their young with milk
5. Breath using lungs

Question 2

Distinguishing features: Aves

Answer 2

1. Feathers
2. Lay hard shelled eggs
3. Endothermic
4. Beaks not teeth
5. Front limbs become wings
6. Bipedal
7. Fertilisation is internal
8. Breath air using adapted lungs

Question 3

Distinguishing features: Reptilia

Answer 3

1. Ectothermic
2. Body covered in skin/scales/hard shells
3. Some have no legs
4. Fertilisation is internal
5. Some are Oviparous
6. Some are Viviparous
7. Some are Ovo - viviparous
8. Some use parthenogenesis
9. Breath air using lungs

Question 4

Distinguishing features: Amphibia

Answer 4

1. Ectothermic
2. Body covered in skin
3. Some have no legs
4. Fertilisation is internal
5. Lay soft, jelly-like eggs (Spawn)
6. Breath air using lungs
7. Can breath through their skin
8. Live both in and out of water
9. Must remain moist at all times
10. Go through extensive metamorphosis during development.

Question 5

Distinguishing features: Pisces

Answer 5

1. Skeleton made of either cartilage (Sharks & rays) or bone
2. Ectothermic (with very few exceptions)
3. Live entirely in water
4. Extract oxygen from water using gills
5. Fertilisation can be either internal or external
6. The majority lay eggs (many different breeding strategies).

Question 6

What does pentadactyl mean?

Answer 6

Pent = Five
Dactyl = Digits

Question 7

What does the pentadactyl limbs tell us about animal evolution?

Answer 7

Animals with a pentadactyl limbs evolved from the same ancestor

Question 8

What has the pentadactyl limb evolved to do in:
Humans
Horse
Whale
Turtle
Frog
Bird

Answer 8

Human - Manipulation of the environment
Horse - Running
Whale - Swimming
Turtle - Swimming/digging
Frog - Leaping
Bird - Flying