Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro Biology > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Evolution?

A

Evolution is the context in which all of biology can be understood
Evolution is a change in allele frequencies in a population from generation to generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an Gene?

A

A unit of DNA that codes for a protein; unit of heredity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an Allele?

A

Alternate forms of the same gene, different alleles may code for different phenotype.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a Phenotype?

A

The set of observable physical characteristic of an organism; product
of genes and the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Genotype?

A

An individual’s set of genes; the pair of alleles an organism has for a
gene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inherited?

A

Characteristic passed from parent to offspring through genes.
Generation to Generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Frequency?

A

Think percent; how common an allele is in a population relative to the
other alleles for that gene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is population?

A

Set of individuals of a species that live in the same area and
interbreed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A permanent change in an organism’s DNA sequence that may or may
not result in phenotypic change.
1. Occur randomly
2. Ultimate source of genetic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Fitness?

A

The average number of offspring produced by individuals of a given genotype

  1. High Fitness- More alleles passed on to next generation.
  2. Low Fitness- Less alleles passed on to next generation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At what level is Evolution talked about?

A

Population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Evolution is a change in allele frequencies in a population from generation to generation - Can occur via 4 mechanisms:

A

Natural Selection
Gene Flow
Genetic Drift
Mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adaptive(non-random) Evolution:

A

Natural Selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Non-Adaptive(random) Evolution:

A

Mutation
Gene flow
Genetic drift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Any mutation is?

A

Evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Natural Selection?

A

Survival:
Reproduction:
Response to environmental Pressure:
Variation: Pre-existing variation needed.

17
Q

What is a Mutation?

A

A permanent change in a DNA sequence.

18
Q

What is Genetic drift?

A

More alleles for generation to generation.

19
Q

What is Gene Flow?

A

A random change in frequency.

20
Q

Random occurrence can result

A

Evolution of population.

21
Q

Which of the following is/are true about alleles?
A.An allele is a version of a gene and one gene may have many different alleles.
B. Different alleles may result in different phenotypes.
C. Different alleles may result in variation among individuals within populations. D. All but one of the above are correct.
E. A, B, and C are correct

A

E. A, B, and C are correct.

22
Q

Phenotype is?
A. The physical expression of an organism’s genotype
B. The pair of alleles an organism has for a gene
C. the suite of genes of an organism
D. A and C are correct
E. A an B are correct

A

A. The physical expression of an organism’s genotype

23
Q

Which is/are the most likely ways that beneficial characteristics can increase in frequency in a population?
A. Individuals with beneficial characteristics for the environment reproduce more than individuals without them.
B. Multiple individuals all develop mutations that result in the same beneficial phenotype.
C. Individuals without beneficial characteristics for the environment are more likely to die.
D. A and C are correct
E. All of the above are equally likely

A

D. A and C are correct

24
Q

How will the population likely respond to the introduction of the predator?
A. A mutation that results in camouflage will likely occur to allow the survival of the population.
B. A mutation for decreased tail size will likely occur to allow the survival of the population.
C. The population will likely die out or decline precipitously.
D. All of the above are equally likely.

A

C. The population will likely die out or decline precipitously.

25
Q

Which group of birds is most likely to immigrate to the island with predator pressure?
A. Red Birds
B. Green Birds
C. Yellow Birds
D. No differences between the groups for probability of migration

A

D. No differences between the groups for probability of migration

26
Q

Does evolution by gene flow result in an increase in the frequency adaptive phenotypes over generations?
A. Yes
B. No

A

A. Yes

27
Q

Examine the pictures: predict which population will experience allele fixation fastest due to genetic drift.
A. Population of 10
B. Population of 100
C. Population of 1000

A

A. Population of 10

28
Q

Given your knowledge of genetic drift, which of the following is the best prediction?
A. Genetic diversity will be highest in larger conservancies and lowest in smaller conservancies.
B. There will be no relationship between conservancy size and genetic diversity.
C. Genetic diversity will be lowest in larger conservancies and greatest in smaller conservancies
D. None of the above.

A

A. Genetic diversity will be highest in larger conservancies and lowest in smaller conservancies.

29
Q

Given these results, what is/are the best way to encourage genetic diversity when designing conservancies?
A. Maintain many small conservancies
B. Maintain a lower number of very large conservancies
C. Connect conservancies with ecological corridors (pathways of habitable area between conservancies)
D. Maintain disconnected conservancies
E. A and C
F. B and C

A

F. B and C

30
Q

Which of the following best explains why this mutation occurred?
A. Heavy use of pesticides resulted in individuals without the resistance mutation dying and not passing on their alleles to the next generation. The pesticide resistance allele became more common as a result.
B. Individuals with the pesticide resistance allele survived heavy applications of pesticide and they passed on their alleles to the next generation. The pesticide resistance allele became more common as a result.
C. Both A and B explain why this mutation occurred.
D. Neither A nor B explain why this mutation occurred.

A

D. Neither A nor B explain why this mutation occurred

31
Q

What is Genetic Diversity?

A

The number and proportions of different alleles for genes in a
population.
a. More different alleles for a gene= more genetic diversity.
b. Even more proportions of different alleles= more genetic diversity.

32
Q

What is Allele fixation?

A

only one allele present in a population for a given gene.

33
Q

What is Fragmentation?

A

previously large, continuous habitat broken into smaller unconnected
pieces.

34
Q

What are Bottleneck effects​?

A

occur when an environmental/ human catastrophe decimates a large
percent of the population.

35
Q

What are Founder events?

A

a new, smaller population of “founders” break-off from the original
population.

36
Q

What is Gene flow?

A

introduction or removal of alleles from a population- change allele
frequencies.

37
Q

Types of Genetic Drift?

A

Bottleneck effects.

Founder effects.

38
Q

How do we measure changes in genetic diversity?

A

Number of generations to allele fixation.

Intro Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions